Massage Flashcards
What is lower crossed syndrome
postural imbalances that occurs in the lower back, pelvis and hips causing increased lordosis and anterior pelvic tilt
Why does lower crossed syndrome happen
Sedentary jobs, hunched posture creates a pattern of overload and leads to muscular imbalance between weak and tight muslces
What is a facilitated muscle and lower examples
A muscle that is short and tight e.g. erector spinae, rectus femoris(quadriceps)
How do you treat a facilitated muscle and why
Slow and deep effleuerage, petrissage, cff and stretching. To: lengthen the muscles, reduce tone and tension, loosen adhesions.
Why would quadriceps become facilitated?
Because anterior pelvic tilt incereases the angle between aiis and psis which brings the point of origin down shortening the muscle
What is an inhibited muscle and lower examples
A muscle that is weak and potentially lengthened due to inactivity e.g. hamstrings
How do you treat inhibited muscles and why
Fast and superficial effleurage and tapotement. To: stimulate the muscles and excite the nerve endings to get them active and blood flowing, advise strengthening exercises to counteract the imbalances
What is upper crossed syndrome?
Postural imbalances occurring in the shoulders, pecs and neck
Why does upper crossed syndrome happen
Due to sedentary lifestyles and jobs which causes muscular imbalances between weak and tight muscles
What is a facilitated muscle and upper examples
A muscle that is short and tight e.g. pectorals and upper traps
Why would the pectorals become facilitated?
A forward head tilt and the hunching of shoulders brings the point of origin forward shortening the muscles
What is an inhibited muscle and upper examples
A muscle that is weak and lengthened due to inactivity e.g. mid/lower traps and rhomboids
What are the symptoms of lower crossed syndrome
Anterior pelvic tilt
Increased lumbar lordosis
Hip pain
Lower back pain
Knee hyper extension
Joint dysfunction
What are the symptoms of upper crossed syndrome
Rounded shoulders
Forward head posture
Pain at antlantocciputal joint
Thoracic kyphosis
Cervical lordosis
What types of hand skills would you use 15 mins before an event and why?
Effleurage, vibrations and tapotement at a fast and superficial pace. To: stimulate the muscles pre-event, increase tone, mentally and physically prepare the body, stimulate nerve cell firing
What types of hand skills would you use up to 72hours before an event and why?
Effleurage, petrissage, vibrations, compressions at a fast and superficial pace. To: maintain the state of the muscles and optimise function pre-event
What handskills might you use post event and why?
Effleurage, petrissage, compressions, vibrations at a medium pace, and depth. To: reduce tone and relax the muscles, recover the body back to homeostasis, improve tissue mobility and reduce risk of adherences
What is the optimum time for post event massage
Best within 2hours to reduce cortisol and creatine kinase
What is a contraindications
A situation, reason or symptom which might prevent massage
What are the types of contraindications
Local - avoid the area
Precaution - modifiy treatment plan
Absolute - no massage appropriate
Examples of local contraindiations
Bruising
Scar tissue
Inflammation
Examples of precautionary contraindications
Diabetes
Hypotension
Arthritis
Examples of absolute contraindications
Deep vein thrombosis
Ringworm
Chickenpox
What are the physiological effects of effleurage
Venous return
Lymphatic drainage
Improves tissue mobility
Stretch muscles fibres
Why is effleurage used
To introduce touch, spread massage medium, warm the tissues and calm/stimulate
Why is petrissage used
to manipulate muscles by lifting, rolling and squeezing to separate muscle fibres by disrupting adhesions and reduce muscle spasms, calm/stimulate
What are the physiological effects of petrissage
Seperate muscle fibres
Reduce adhesions
Interchange of fluid and waste removal
Change tone
Why are vibrations used
Either to stimulate nerve endings or relax the muscles
What are physiological effects of vibrations
Relaxation
Stimulate nervous system
Reduce pain sensitivity
Change muscle tone
Why are compressions used
A compressive force applied to the belly of the muscle to reduce tone and relieve pain, calm/stimulate and reduce spasms
Physiological effects of compressions
Warming
reduce tone
Activates stretch reflex
Why is CFF used
To seperate muscle fibres and myofascial adhesions by working deep into the tissues to improve mobility, encourage type 3 collagen alignment and reduce tension
Physiological effects of CFF
Encourages remodelling and tissue mobility
Restore and repair elasticity
Loosen adhesions
Why is tapotement used
A percussive technique used to stimulate the nervous system and initiate sympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system
Physiological effects of tapotement
Initial vasoconstriction followed by prolonged vasodilation, stimulate nerve endings, fight or flight, released adrenaline and nerve cell firing
Why is stretching used
Either maintenance or development stretches to reduce tone within the muscles
Effects of massage on integumentary system (skin)
Exfoliation
Vasodilation
Improve skin condition by manipulating sebaceous glands
Increased skin elasticity
Effect of massage on CV and respiratory
Increased blood flow
Increased parasympathetic activity
Deep breathing and relaxation
Increased pliability of intercostal muscles
Effect of massage on lymphatic and endocrine
Increased general wellbeing
Reduce anxiety and stress
Improved lymphatic drainage (flushing)
Increased metabolic waste
Effect of massage on musculoskeletal
Increased venous return
Increased blood flow
Relieve DOMS
Restoration and recovery
Effect of massage on digestive and urinary systems
Stimulates peristalsis
decreased colonic transit time and pain
Increased Bowel movements
Increased blood flow
Effect of massage on nervous system
Return to homeostasis
Stimulate parasympathetic system
Decrease tension
Relaxation
Pain relief
What is informed consent and why is it important
Informed consent lets the patient know the nature of the techniques, benefits and any risks to reassure them to know what to expect from the treatment
