Mass Wasting & Deposition Flashcards
What is the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to gravity?
Mass wasting or mass movement
What are the factors that contribute to the occurence of mass wasting?
- Relief (difference in elevation)
- Slope stability (forces keeping the slope from falling)
- Fragmentation and weathering
In what ways can mass wasting occur?
- Vibrations from earthquakes/blasting activities
- Changes in slop angle, load, and slope support
- Stability of slopes (depends on the composition of the composition of the materials)
What are the types of motion that occur in mass wasting?
- Fall (free fall movement)
- Topple (forward rotation, domino)
- Slide (downslope movement, can be weither translational or rotational)
- Spread (lateral extension and fracturing coherent mass)
- Flow (materials absorb water)
- Complex (combination of diff types)
What are the different types of materials in mass wasting?
Rock, debris, and earth
What is deposition?
It is the process wherein sediments settle after transportation
This layer is formed when material settles
Bed
In a mixture with varying grain sizes, clasts are the ____ sediments and matrix are the ____ sediments.
larger, fine-grained
What constitutes good sorting of sediments?
If the grain size consists of 1 or 2 similar grain sizes
Where are sediments deposited?
Sedimentary environments
What are the types of sedimentary environments?
- Glacial environment
- Mountain stream environment
- Mountain front environment
- Desert environment
- Lake (lacustrine) environment
- River (fluvial) environment
- Delta environment
- Beach environment
- Shallow marine environment
- Shallow water carbonate environment
- Deep marine environment
sedimentary environment
The areas where glaciers and ice sheets are found. Where sediments pile at the end of a glacier (glacial till).
Glacial environment
sedimentary environment
Areas where turbulent streams carry sediments (during flood).
Mountain stream evironment
sedimentary environment
An alluvial fan is created when a stream enters the flat area of a mountain (base).
Mountain front environment
sedimentary environment
Wind carries sand and silt materials. Can create sand dunes, loess deposits, and evaporites?
Desert environment
sedimentary environment
Area where sediments are deposited on lake margins.
Lake (lacustrine) environment
lacustrine - laminated (very fine), varved (there are layers)
sedimentary environment
Rivers carry coarse and fine sediments through meander.
River (fluvial) environement
sedimentary environment
The mouth of a river when it enters the sea.
ex. swamps, mangrove forest
Delta environment
sedimentary environment
Tidal currents transport sand along the coastline.
Beach environment
sedimentary environment
Sediments from the shoreline and river mouths are carried by tidal currents and sit below the wave zone.
Shallow marine environment
sedimentary environment
Most sediments come from shell and coral fragments (CARBONATE sediments).
Shallow water carbonate environment
sedimentary environment
Clay and planktons settle down and form very thin layers of mud.
sand to clay to submarine fan is carried to where turbidite deposit is formed (?)
Deep marine environment
