Mass Transport In Plants Flashcards
Explain how water is held together
The charge on the hydrogen atoms is slightly positive and that on the oxygen atom is slightly negative.
Attraction between the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen of another water molecule causes water molecules to group together, held by hydrogen bonds.
Explain the boiling point of water
Water has a high boiling point.
Although hydrogen bonds are weak individually, lots of them are strong together and require a lot of energy to break.
Give 6 properties of water, explaining how they are useful
1) it is a metabolite (reactant) in many metabolic reactions, including condensation and hydrolysis reactions.
2) it is a polar molecule so can act as a universal solvent in which metabolic reactions occur faster (e.g. in the cytoplasm of cells).
3) It has a relatively high heat capacity, so it can buffer changes in temperature - it takes a lot of energy to increase the temperature of water, and lots must be lost to decrease its temperature.
4) it has a relatively large latent heat of vaporisation (lots of energy is needed to convert it to a gas), providing a cooling effect with little loss of water through evaporation.
5) has strong cohesion between water molecules - this supports columns of water in the things like the xylem and produces surface tension when water meets air, allowing small organisms to survive on the surface.
6) strong adhesion -allows it to cling to sides of things such as the xylem
Give the biological functions of these inorganic ions:
Iron ions
Sodium ions
Phosphate ions
Hydrogen ions (3)
Magnesium ions
Calcium ions
Iron ions- are a component of haemoglobin and bind reversibly with oxygen
Sodium ions- are involved in the co-transport of glucose and amino acids in the small intestine
Phosphate ions- are components of ATP, phospholipids, DNA and RNA
Hydrogen ions:
-are involved in the co-transport of sucrose in the phloem companion cells,
- Lower the pH of the blood,
- Cause the Bohr shift- more oxygen is released at the same partial pressure of oxygen
Magnesium ions - fundamental component in chlorophyll
Calcium ions- fundamental component in bones, synapses etc.
What does the null hypothesis mean
There’s no correlation between the independent variable and dependent variable
What’s the correlation co-efficient
A statistical test completed to see if there’s a correlation between two variables
