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Biology > Mass transport in animals > Flashcards

Mass transport in animals Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the range of the resting heart rates in males after the exercise programme?

A
  • 53-70
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2
Q

Calculate the percentage decrease in the mean resting heart rate of females after the exercise programme.
Show your working.

A
  • 13.58%
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3
Q

The scientist used the percentage change in the mean resting heart rate after the exercise programme to compare the results for males and females.

Explain why they used percentage change in the resting heart rate.

A
  • Allows comparison

- Initial heart rates is different between males and females

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4
Q

The scientists calculated the cardiac output of the volunteers before and after the exercise programme.
In some volunteers, their cardiac output stayed the same, even though their resting heart rate decreased.

Explain how their cardiac output could stay the same even when their resting heart rate had decreased.

A
  • Cardiac output=stroke volume X heart rate

- so stroke volume increases

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5
Q

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

A
  • carries oxygen

- to heart muscle

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6
Q

Which of the blood vessels A to H is the vena cava?

A
  • A
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7
Q

Which of the blood vessels A to H is the renal artery?

A
  • H
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8
Q

The rise and fall in blood pressure in the aorta is greater than in the small arteries.
Suggest why.

A
  • Aorta is close to the heart

- Aorta has elastic tissue and recoil

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9
Q

Although the speed of blood flow in an arteriole is greater than speed of blood flow in a capillary, blood does not accumulate in the arterioles.

Explain why.

A
  • More capillaries than arterioles
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10
Q

Other than causing slow blood flow, explain one advantage of capillaries being narrow.

A
  • Short pathway between blood and outside of capillary

- Large surface area of blood in contact with walls of capillaries

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11
Q

What factor limits the minimum internal diameter of the lumen of a capillary?

A
  • Width of blood cell
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12
Q

The volume of blood leaving the capillary network into the veins is less than the volume of blood entering from the arteries.

Explain why.

A
  • Fluid in tissue fluid
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13
Q

A principle of homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal environment.
An increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide would change the internal environment and blood pH.
Explain the importance of maintaining a constant blood pH.

A
  • Enzyme in blood can be affected by change in pH
  • Resulting in change of shape
  • So less oxygen binds with haemoglobin
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14
Q

Use the information in the figure above to explain how tissue fluid is formed.

A
  • Overall output pressure of 3.2kpa

- Forces small molecules out of capillary

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15
Q

The hydrostatic pressure falls from the arteriole end of the capillary to the venule end of the capillary.
Explain why.

A
  • Loss of water
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16
Q

High blood pressure leads to an accumulation of tissue fluid.
Explain how.

A
  • High blood pressure means high hydrstatic pressure
  • Increases outward pressure from arterial end of capillary
  • So more tissue fluid formed
17
Q

The water potential of the blood plasma is more negative at the venule end of the capillary than at the arterial end of the capillary.
Explain why.

A
  • Water has left the capillary
  • Protein in blood are too large to leave the capillary
  • Increasing the concentration of proteins in the blood
18
Q

Use information from the figure to explain how the pressure in the dog’s ventricle is related to blood flow into the aorta.

A
  • Ventricle pressure rises so the blood starts to flow into the aorta as the pressure causes the aortic valve to open
  • Ventricle pressure starts to fall so blood flow falls
19
Q

Use information from the figure to explain how the pressure in the dog’s ventricle is related to the thickness of the ventricle wall.

A
  • Thickness of wall increases because ventricle wall contracts
  • Contraction causes the increase in pressure
20
Q

Use the figure to calculate the heart rate of the dog in beats per minute.
Show your working.

A
  • 120

Biology (28 decks)

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