Mass Transport (Chapter 7) Flashcards
What is mass transport?
The movement of substances within an organism or between organisms.
True or False: Mass transport only occurs in animals.
False
What is the main transport system in mammals?
The circulatory system.
Fill in the blank: In humans, oxygen is primarily transported by _____ in the blood.
hemoglobin
What are the two main types of circulatory systems?
Open and closed circulatory systems.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a feature of a closed circulatory system? A) Blood is not contained in vessels B) Blood flows in a loop C) Blood is pumped by a heart
C) Blood is pumped by a heart
What is the role of the heart in mass transport?
To pump blood throughout the body.
True or False: The left side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood.
False
What are the main components of blood?
Red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
Fill in the blank: The _____ circuit carries blood to and from the lungs.
pulmonary
What is the function of capillaries?
To facilitate the exchange of substances between blood and tissues.
Multiple choice: Which type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart? A) Veins B) Arteries C) Capillaries
B) Arteries
What is the significance of the double circulatory system in mammals?
It allows for efficient oxygenation and nutrient delivery.
True or False: Veins have thicker walls than arteries.
False
What is the role of plasma in the blood?
To transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products.
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the largest artery in the body.
aorta
What is the function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues.
Multiple choice: Which component of blood is responsible for clotting? A) Red blood cells B) White blood cells C) Platelets
C) Platelets
What is the function of white blood cells?
To defend the body against infection.
True or False: The heart has four chambers.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria.
atrioventricular
What is the role of the sinoatrial node?
To act as the natural pacemaker of the heart.
Multiple choice: Which part of the heart receives deoxygenated blood? A) Left atrium B) Right atrium C) Aorta
B) Right atrium
What is the primary gas exchanged in the lungs?
Oxygen
True or False: Blood pressure is highest in the veins.
False
Fill in the blank: The _____ system helps in the transport of lymph.
lymphatic
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
To transport lymph and help with immune responses.
Multiple choice: Which type of blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow? A) Arteries B) Veins C) Capillaries
B) Veins
What is the role of the pulmonary veins?
To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
True or False: The right ventricle pumps blood to the body.
False
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the muscle layer of the heart.
myocardium
What is the primary function of the circulatory system?
To transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and waste products.
Multiple choice: Which blood component is involved in immune response? A) Red blood cells B) Platelets C) White blood cells
C) White blood cells
What is cardiac output?
The volume of blood the heart pumps per minute.
True or False: Blood flows in one direction through the heart.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the pressure exerted by the blood against the walls of blood vessels.
blood pressure
What is the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure?
Systolic pressure is the pressure during heart contraction; diastolic pressure is during relaxation.
Multiple choice: What type of circulation involves blood flow through the kidneys? A) Systemic B) Pulmonary C) Renal
C) Renal
What does the term ‘homeostasis’ refer to?
The maintenance of stable internal conditions in an organism.
True or False: Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the outer layer of blood vessels.
tunica externa
What is the primary role of the heart valves?
To ensure unidirectional blood flow.
Multiple choice: Which structure prevents backflow of blood into the ventricles? A) Atrioventricular valves B) Semilunar valves C) Both A and B
C) Both A and B
What is the significance of the aortic arch?
It distributes blood to the upper body and head.
True or False: The circulatory system is responsible for thermoregulation.
True
Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs.
alveoli
What is the role of the coronary arteries?
To supply blood to the heart muscle itself.
Multiple choice: Which type of circulation supplies oxygen to the heart muscle? A) Pulmonary B) Systemic C) Coronary
C) Coronary
What is the importance of the exchange surfaces in mass transport?
To maximize the efficiency of gas and nutrient exchange.
True or False: The blood-brain barrier allows all substances to pass into the brain.
False
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the smallest blood vessel where exchange occurs.
capillary
