Mass Transfer Flashcards
Mass transfer rate between two fluid phases does not necessarily depend on the __________ of the two phases.
chemical properties
physical properties
degree of turbulence
interfacial area
chemical properties
In a solution containing 0.30 Kg mole of solute and 600 kg of solvent, the molality is
0.50
0.60
2
1
0.50
Fenske equation determines the
maximum number of ideal plates.
height of the distillation column.
minimum number of theoretical plates.
optimum reflux ratio.
minimum number of theoretical plates.
The term “cooling range” in a cooling tower refers to the difference in the temperature of
cold water leaving the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air.
hot water entering the tower and the wet bulb temperature of the surrounding air.
hot water entering the tower and the cooled water leaving the tower.
none of these
hot water entering the tower and the cooled water leaving the tower.
Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density difference ?
Mixer-settler extractor
Centrifugal extractor
Pulsed extractor
Packed extraction tower
Centrifugal extractor
Total reflux in a distillation operation requires minimum
reboiler load
number of plates
condenser load
all (a), (b) and (c)
number of plates
The amount of steam required per unit quantity of distillate in case of steam distillation will be reduced by
raising the temperature.
lowering the total pressure.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) and (b).
The difference of wet bulb temperature and adiabatic saturation temperature of unsaturated mixture of any system is
+ve
-ve
zero
none of these
+ve
Fenske’s equation for determining the minimum number of theoretical stages in distillation column holds good, when the
relative volatility is reasonably constant.
mixture (to be separated) shows negative deviation from ideality.
mixture (to be separated) shows positive deviation from ideality.
multicomponent distillation is involved.
relative volatility is reasonably constant.
When the temperature and humidity of air is low, we usually use __________ draft cooling tower.
natural
forced
induced
none of these
natural
Pick out the correct statement.
In case of liquid-liquid extraction, no separation is possible, if the selectivity of the solvent used is unity.
With increase in temperature, the selectivity of the solvent used in solvent extraction decreases.
The selectivity of solvent used in solvent extraction is unity at the plait point.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
__________ columns are used for liquid dispersion in a continuous gas phase.
Packed
Pulse
Bubble cap
Sieve plate
Packed
Overall efficiency of the distillation column is
the ratio of number of ideal plates to actual plates.
the ratio of number of actual plates to ideal plates.
same as the Murphree efficiency.
always more than the point efficiency.
the ratio of number of ideal plates to actual plates.
Which is the controlling factor for a drum drier?
Diffusion
Heat transfer
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Heat transfer
Drying operation under vacuum is carried out to
dry those materials which have very high unbound mositure content.
reduce drying temperature.
increase drying temperature.
dry materials having high bound moisture content.
reduce drying temperature.
Air initially at 101. 3 kPa and 40°C and with a relative humidity of 50%, is cooled at constant pressure to 30°C. The cooled air has a
higher dew point.
higher absolute (specific) humidity.
higher relative humidity
higher wet bulb temperature.
higher relative humidity
Separation of two or more components of a liquid solution can not be achieved by
fractional crystallisation
liquid extraction
absorption
evaporation
absorption
Stefan’s law describes the mass transfer by
diffusion
bulk flow
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
At minimum reflux ratio for a given separation
number of plates is zero.
number of plates is infinity.
minimum number of the theoretical plates is required.
separation is most efficient.
number of plates is infinity.
Relative humidity is the ratio of the
partial pressure of the vapour to the vapour pressure of the liquid at room temperature.
partial pressure of the vapour to the vapour pressure of the liquid at gas temperature.
actual humidity to saturation humidity.
none of these
partial pressure of the vapour to the vapour pressure of the liquid at gas temperature.
In batch distillation with constant reflux, overhead product composition __________ with time.
increases
decreases
does not vary
may increase on decrease, depends on the system.
decreases
Psychrometry deals with the properties of gas-vapor mixture. Humidity can be determined by the measurement of the __________ of a fibre.
electrical resistance
thermal conductivity
strength
none of these.
electrical resistance
Heat in BTU necessary to increase the temperature of 1 lb of gas and its accompanying vapour by 1°F is called the
latent heat
humid heat
specific heat
sensible heat
specific heat
To increase the absorption factor, (where, G = gas flow rate, S = solvent flow rate)
increase both ‘G’ and ‘S’.
decrease both ‘G’ and ‘S’.
increase ‘S’ and decrease ‘G’.
increase ‘G’ and decrease ‘S’
increase ‘S’ and decrease ‘G’.
The mass diffusivity, the thermal diffusivity and the eddy momentum diffusivity are same for, NPr = NSc = __________
1
0.5
10
0
1
Dew point of a gas-vapour mixture
increases with temperature rise.
decreases with temperature rise.
decreases with decrease in pressure.
increases with increase in pressure.
decreases with decrease in pressure.
In a packed absorption tower, if the equilibrium and operating lines are both straight lines, then the ratio, HETP/HTUOG __________ the absorption factor.
increases with increase in
is one at unity value of
both (a) and (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) and (b)
Which of the following plays an important role in problems of simultaneous heat and mass transfer ?
Lewis number
Schmidt number
Prandtl number
Sherwood number
Lewis number
In case of an absorber, the operating
line always lies above the equilibrium curve.
line always lies below the equilibrium curve.
line can be either above or below the equilibrium curve.
velocity is more than the loading velocity.
line always lies above the equilibrium curve.
As the reflux ratio in a distillation coloumn is increased from the minimum, the
slope of the operating line in stripping section decreases.
number of plates decreases very slowly first and then more and more rapidly.
total cost first decreases and then increases.
liquid flow increases while the vapor flow decreases for a system.
total cost first decreases and then increases.
Absorption factor is defined as (where, S1 = slope of the operating line S2 = slope of the equilibrium curve)
S2/S1
S1/S2
S1 - S2
S1 x S2
S1/S2
A plait point is the point on the solubility curve, where the tie line reduces to a point. What is the number of plait point for a ternery system containing twopairs of partially miscible liquids ?
0
1
2
3
0
Which of the following remains constant during sensible cooling process ?
Specific humidity
Partial pressure of vapour
Both (a) and (b)
Neither (a) nor (b)
Both (a) and (b)
Make up water is required in a cooling tower to replace the water lost by
evaporation
drift
blowdown and leakage
all (a), (b) and (c)
all (a), (b) and (c)
Which of the following quantities need not be fixed before starting the design of a co-current absorber ?
Heat gain or loss
Flow rate of entering liquid
Flow rate of gas
None of these
Flow rate of entering liquid
Mass transfer co-efficient of liquid is
affected more by temperature than that for gases.
affected much less by temperature than that for gases.
not affected by the temperature.
none of these.
affected more by temperature than that for gases.
Absorption accompanied with chemical reaction is exemplified by the absorption of
ammonia in water.
benzol present in coke oven gas by wash oil.
SO2 in alkaline solution.
all (a), (b) and (c).
SO2 in alkaline solution.
Which of the following unit operations makes use of Thiele-Geddes equation ?
Liquid-liquid extraction
Solid-liquid extraction
Multicomponent absorption with chemical reaction
Multicomponent distillation.
Multicomponent distillation.
Which of the following liquid-vapor contacting devices provides maximum contact surface area for a particular duty ?
Sieve plate column
Bubble cap column
Randomly packed column
Wetted wall column
Wetted wall column
The equipment frequently used for adiabatic humidification-cooling operation with recirculating liquid is
natural draft cooling tower
induced draft cooling tower
spray chamber
none of these
spray chamber
Chemisorption (chemical adsorption) is
same as “Van der Waals” adsorption.
characterised by adsorption of heat.
an irreversible phenomenon.
a reversible phenomenon.
an irreversible phenomenon.
The rate of solid-liquid extraction is limited by the
phase change of the solute as it dissolves in the solvent.
diffusion of the solute through the solvent in the pores to the outside of the particle.
diffusion of the solute from the solution in contact with the particle to the main bulk of the solution.
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’.
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’.
Raoult’s law applies to the
all liquid solutions
non-ideal solution only.
non-volatile solute.
solvents.
solvents.
In distillation columns, the number of bubble caps per tray primarily depends upon the
allowable liquid velocity.
allowable gas velocity.
allowable gas and liquid velocities.
feed composition.
allowable gas and liquid velocities.
In distillation, overhead product contains
only one component
two components
any number of components
only saturated liquid
any number of components
With increase in pressure, the relative volatility for a binary system
increases.
decreases.
remains same.
either (a) or (b), depends on the system.
decreases
Low viscosity absorbent is preferred for reasons of
rapid absorption rates and good heat transfer characteristics.
improved flooding characteristics.
low pressure drop on pumping.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
Mass transfer co-efficient (K) and diffusivity (D) are related according to film theory as
K ∝ D
K ∝ √D
K ∝ D^1.5
K ∝ D^2
K ∝ D
The McCabe Δ L law states that the
molar heats of vaporisation of components are nearly equal.
linear crystal growth rate depends on the degree of supersaturation.
linear crystal growth rate does not depend on the crystal size.
linear crystal growth rate depends on the crystal size.
linear crystal growth rate does not depend on the crystal size.
Bollman extractor
is a static bed leaching equipment.
is used for extraction of oil from oilseed.
is a centrifugal extractor.
employs only counter-current extraction.
is used for extraction of oil from oilseed.
The relation, Sc = Pr = 1, is valid, when the mechanism of __________ ansfer is same.
heat and mass
mass and momentum
heat and momentum
heat, momentum and mass
heat and mass
A coalescer in a mixer-settler liquid-liquid extraction coloumn
comprises of thin bed of substances of extended surface having high porosity.
helps in increasing the bubble size entering the settler.
helps in increasing the settling rate of the bubbles.
all ‘a’, ‘b’, & ‘c’.
all ‘a’, ‘b’, & ‘c’.
For the same feed, feed quality and separation (in a distillation column), with the increase of total pressure, the number of ideal plates will
increase
decrease
remain same
data insufficient, can’t be predicted
increase
Pick out the correct statement.
Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of non-ideal binary system by distillation.
A sharp decrease in pressure drop is an indication of flooding in a distillation coloumn.
Solvent used in extractive distillation should be of high volatility.
Flash distillation is suitable for separating components which have very close boiling temperature.
Ponchan-Savarit method is more accurate than McCabe-Thiele method to determine the number of theoretical stages required for the separation of non-ideal binary system by distillation.
When the liquid phase and vapour phase of a binary system obeys Raoult’s and Dalton’s law respectively, the relative volatility is the ratio of
vapour pressure of component A to that of component B.
vapour pressure of component A to the total pressure.
vapour pressure of component A to the partial pressure of A.
partial pressure of component A to the total pressure.
vapour pressure of component A to that of component B.
The operation involved when the soluble material is largely on the surface of an insoluble solid and is merely washed off by the solvent is called
decoction
percolation
elutriation or elution
none of these
elutriation or elution
In the constant rate period of the rate of drying curve for batch drying,
cracks develop on the surface of the solid.
rate of drying decreases abruptly.
surface evaporation of unbound moisture occurs.
none of these.
surface evaporation of unbound moisture occurs.
It takes 6 hours to dry a wet solid from 50% moisture content to the critical moisture content of 15%. How much longer it will take to dry the solid to 10% moisture content, under the same drying conditions? (The equilibrium moisture content of the solid is 5%).
15 min
51 min
71 min
94 min
71 min
Agitator is provided in a crystalliser for
avoiding deposition on cooler surfaces.
formation of nuclei.
crystal growth.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
__________ diffusion is used for separating the isotopes of methane.
Thermal
Pressure
Concentration
Force
Thermal
Ordinary diffusion process is also called __________ diffusion.
pressure
thermal
concentration
forced.
concentration
Pick out the wrong statement.
Different solids have different equilibrium moisture curves.
Total condenser or reboiler is considered equivalent to one theoretical plate in McCabe-Thiele method of theoretical plate calculation for distillation column.
Heat removal load on cooler remains constant, even with increase of the reflux ratio in a distillation column.
Even a forced draft cooling tower can not cool water below the wet bulb temperature.
Heat removal load on cooler remains constant, even with increase of the reflux ratio in a distillation column.
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the rotary dryer.
Flights (located in the inside shell of rotary dryer) lift the material being dried and shower it down through the current of hot air/gases. It extends from the wall to a distance which is about 8-12% of the inside diameter of shell.
Hold up of a rotary drier is defined as the fraction of the dryer volume occupied by the solid at any instant. The best performance for rotary drier is obtained, when the hold up is in the range of 0.05 to 0.15.
Rotary dryer is suitable for drying sticky material.
Recommended peripherial speed of a rotary drier is in the range of 10 to 30 metres/minute.
Rotary dryer is suitable for drying sticky material.
The reason for preferring packed towers over plate towers in distillation practice is that the packed tower operation gives
low pressure drop and high hold up.
high pressure drop and low hold up.
low pressure drop and low hold up.
high pressure drop and high hold up.
low pressure drop and low hold up.
If the path of liquid across the plate is very long as in case of large diameter tower, Murphree efficiency can be __________ percent.
100
> 100
< 100
none of these
> 100
Compound A is extracted from a solution of A + B into a pure solvent S. A Co-current unit is used for the liquid-liquid extraction. The inlet rate of the solution containing A is 200 moles of B/hr.m2 and the solvent flow, rate is 400 moles of S/m2. hr. The equilibrium data is represented by Y = 3X2 , where Y is in moles of a A/moles of B and X is in moles A/moles of S. The maximum percentage extraction achieved in the unit is
25%
50%
70%
90%
50%
Raoult’s law is applicable to the
ideal solutions
real solutions
mixture of water and alcohol
non-ideal gases
ideal solutions
Weeping in a distillation column
increases tray efficiency.
provides large interfacial surface for mass transfer.
results due to very high gas velocity.
results due to very low gas velocity.
results due to very low gas velocity.
In case of binary distillation, increasing the reflux ratio above optimum does not result in the increase of
area between operating line and 45° diagonal x-y diagram.
condenser and reboiler surfaces.
tower cross-section.
none of these.
area between operating line and 45° diagonal x-y diagram.
Wetted wall tower experiment determines the
molal diffusivity.
volumetric co-efficient.
mass transfer co-efficient.
none of these.
mass transfer co-efficient.
In McCabe-Thiele method, at infinite reflux ratio
the overhead product is minimum.
both the operating lines coincide with diagonal.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
the overhead product is minimum.
With decrease in the throughput (compared with the design capacity) for a bubble cap distillation column, its efficiency
increases
decreases
remains same
may increase or decrease ; depends on individual design
increases
Plate towers are preferred to packed towers, when large temperature changes are involved, because of the reason that the
packing may be crushed due to thermal expansion/contraction of the components of the equipments.
pressure drop in the equipment will be . very high.
viscosity variation of the fluids may cause channeling/flooding.
none of these.
packing may be crushed due to thermal expansion/contraction of the components of the equipments.
The equilibrium liquid composition compared to the vapor composition in case of azeotropic mixture is
more
less
same
either more or less; depends on the system
same
Out of the following gas-liquid contacting devices, for a given set of operating conditions, gas pressure drop is the least in __________ tower.
wetted wall
bubble cap
perforated tray
packed
wetted wall
Pick out the system with minimum boiling azeotrope at 1 atm.
benzene-toluene
ethyl alcohol-water
hydrochloric acid-water
all (a), (b) and (c)
ethyl alcohol-water
Free flowing granular materials can be best dried in a __________ drier.
rotary
cylinder
drun
freeze
rotary
In case of an ideal solution, the total vapor pressure varies __________ with the composition expressed as mole fraction,
inversely
linearly
exponentially
none of these
linearly
Corresponding to Nusselt number in heat transfer, the dimensionless group in mass transfer is the __________ number.
Sherwood
Schmidt
Peclet
Stanton
Sherwood
If the specific heats of a gas and a vapor are 0.2KJ/Kg.°K and 1.5 KJ/Kg.°K respectively, and the humidity is 0.01; the humid heat in KJ/°Kg. is
0.31
0.107
0.017
0.215
0.215
Liquid diffusivity is of the order of __________ cm2 /second.
0.01
0.1
10-5 to 10-6
> 1
10-5 to 10-6
The solvent used in liquid extraction should not have high latent heat of vaporisation, because
the pressure drop and hence the pumping cost will be very high.
it cannot be recovered by distillation.
its recovery cost by distillation may be prohibitatively high.
it will decompose while recovering by distillation.
its recovery cost by distillation may be prohibitatively high.
At the same gas flow rate, the pressure drop in a packed tower being irrigated with liquid __________ that in dry packed tower.
is greater than
is lower than
is same as
cannot be predicted as data are insufficient
is greater than
Molarity is defined as the number of gm moles of solute per __________ of solvent.
litre
kg
gm
c.c
litre
The value of Lewis number (Le = Sc/Pr) for air-water vapour system is around
1
0.24
3.97
600
1
An aqueous solution of methanol is to be distilled in a tray column. High pressure steam is available as a source of heat. For a given reflux ratio and overhead composition, two options are being explored; (i) a reboiler is used and (ii) no reboiler is used but steam is fed directly to the bottom of the column. As compared to option (i), in option (ii)
less number of trays are required.
composition of the residue remains unchanged.
more number of trays are required but the residue composition remains unchanged.
more number of trays are required and the residue composition is more dilute in methanol.
less number of trays are required.
The partial pressure distribution of an ideal gas diffusing through another stagnant ideal gas at steady state follows a/an __________ law.
exponential
parabolic
linear
cubic
exponential
Which of the following binary systems is an example of a maximum boiling azeotrope ?
Water-hydrochloric acid.
Acetone-carbon disulphide.
Water-ethyl alcohol.
n-heptane-n-octane.
Water-hydrochloric acid.
(NRe . NSc) is termed in mass transfer operation as the __________ number.
Stanton
Sherwood
Peclet
none of these
Peclet
The binary diffusivity in gases and liquids vary respectively as
T^3/2 and T
T and T^3/2
√T and T^3/2
T^3/2 and √T
T^3/2 and T
Pick out the correct statement.
The slope of the stripping line is always less than unity.
For a given separation in a binary distillation column, with increase in reflux ratio (above the minimum reflux ratio), the fixed cost of the distillation column first increases and then decreases.
In Ponchon-Savarit method of no. of theoretical plate determination, the stripping and rectifying operating lines are vertical at total reflux.
Kremsor-Brown-Souder’s equation is used to calculate the efficiency of a plate tower.
In Ponchon-Savarit method of no. of theoretical plate determination, the stripping and rectifying operating lines are vertical at total reflux.
Pick out the correct statement.
Dialysis process is used for the production of fresh water from brine.
Electrodylsis is used in the manufacture of NaOH.
Electrodylsis is used for the refin-ning/purification of petrol.
both (b) and (c).
Electrodylsis is used in the manufacture of NaOH.
Pick out the correct statement.
Bound moisture is removed during constant rate drying period.
Free moisture is removed during falling rate drying period.
The sum of free moisture and equilibrium moisture in a solid is called the critical moisture.
The driving force for mass transfer in a wet solid is its free moisture content.
The driving force for mass transfer in a wet solid is its free moisture content.
Very tall packed towers are divided into series of beds to
reduce the overall pressure drop
avoid channelling
reduce liquid hold-up
avoid flooding
avoid channelling
Moisture contained by a substance in excess of the equilibrium moisture is called the __________ moisture.
unbound
free
critical
bound
free
With increase in temperature, the solubility of gases in liquids, at fixed pressure
increases
decreases
remains same
either (a) or (b), depends on the system
decreases
In most of the vacuum crystalliser, vacuum is generally produced by means of a
suction pump
compressed air jet
steam jet ejector with a barometric condenser
none of these
steam jet ejector with a barometric condenser
On moving the feed line (q-line) from saturated liquid feed (vertical position) to saturated vapor feed (horizontal feed), if the slope of both the operating lines are to be increased, then it will result in
greater degree of separation with a fixed number of trays
increased reboiler load
increased reflux ratio
None of these.
increased reflux ratio
__________ column is the most suitable for achieving the best performance for mass transfer operations involving liquid with dispersed solids.
Watted wall
Packed
Plate
Spray
Plate
Deairation (removal of O2) of water is done by
rectification
absorption
ion-exchange
adsorption
ion-exchange
Make up water is supplied during cooling tower operation to compensate for water losses due to
evaporation
blowdown
entrainment
all (a), (b)&(c)
all (a), (b)&(c)
Pick out the wrong statement.
The mole fraction of solute is directly proportional to the molality of a ‘dilute’ solution.
For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both components is nonlinear in the case of steady state unimolal unidirectional diffusion.
Azeotropes obey Raoult’s law at all temperature.
The relative volatility of a binary mixture at the azeotropic composition is 1.
Azeotropes obey Raoult’s law at all temperature.
A minimum boiling azeotrope is exemplified by
toluene-benzene
acetone-carbon disulphide
water-isobutyl alcohol
none of these
acetone-carbon disulphide
Which of the following solutions will follow Raoult’s law most closely ?
A solution of benzene, toluene and oxylene.
35% solution of camphor in water.
35% solution of NH3 in water.
A solution of polar organic compounds (not of homologs of a series).
A solution of benzene, toluene and oxylene.
Use of raschig rings in place of crushed stones as packing in packed beds (other things being same)
increases pressure drop, increases surface area.
increases pressure drop, decreases surface area.
decreases pressure drop, increases surface area.
decreases pressure drop, decreases surface area.
decreases pressure drop, increases surface area.
The assumption made in Elis method in distillation is that enthalpy concentration lines of vapor and liquid are
parallel
straight
both parallel and straight
neither parallel nor straight
both parallel and straight
As complete saturation of an adsorbent is approached, the differential heat of adsrop-tion approaches
that of normal condensation.
integral heat of adsorption.
zero.
none of these.
that of normal condensation.
Absorption with chemical reaction’ is involved in the removal of
carbon dioxide from gaseous stream using alkaline solution.
benzol from coke oven gas using solar oil/wash oil.
ammonia from coke oven gas using refrigerated water.
tar from coke oven gas in primary gas coolers using chilled water.
carbon dioxide from gaseous stream using alkaline solution.
The-relative volatility for separation of a non-ideal binary mixture by distillation should be
0
1
> 1
< 1
> 1
Pick out the wrong statement:
Reboiler is not used in open steam distillation.
The separation of solutes of different molecular sizes in a liquid solution by use of a suitable membrane is called dialysis.
Freeze drying is used for the drying of fish.
Fenske-Underwood equation is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a distillation column at normal operating reflux condition.
Fenske-Underwood equation is used for calculating theoretical number of plates in a distillation column at normal operating reflux condition.
In paper industry, paper is dried in a __________ dryer.
tunnel
heated cylinder
conveyor
festoon
heated cylinder
Pick out the wrong statement.
Critical moisture content is not a property of the material itself.
A sharp increase in pressure drop gives an indication of the flooding in a distillation column.
Separation of components is not possible in liquid extraction, if selectivity is unity.
Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very high vacuum.
Dehydration of ethyl alcohol is most economically done by molecular distillation at very high vacuum.
Only small amount of evaporation of water produces large cooling effects because of its
large latent heat
low viscosity
small latent heat
none of these
large latent heat
The most common packing used in industrial operations is __________ rings.
raschig
lessing
cross-partition
single spiral
raschig
When the feed to a distillation column is a saturated liquid, slope of the feed line is
zero
unity
infinity
none of these
infinity
Leaching of sugar from sugar beets is done by
hot water
hexane
dilute H2SO4
lime water
hot water
Absorption factor method is used to calculate the number of ideal stages, when
operating line lies above the equilibrium line.
operating line lies below the equilibrium line.
both operating and equilibrium lines are parallel.
pressure drop in the column is very high.
both operating and equilibrium lines are parallel.
Flights in a rotary dryer are provided to
lift and shower the solids thus exposing it thoroughly to the drying action of the gas.
reduce the residence time of solid.
increase the residence time of the solid.
none of these.
lift and shower the solids thus exposing it thoroughly to the drying action of the gas.
If f = moles of vapour present per mole of feed, then the slope of feed line is (Mcabe-Thiele method)
1-f/f
-(f-1)/f
-1/f
-f/1-f
-1/f
If the solubilities of different components (in a liquid-liquid extraction system) increase with rise in temperature, then the temperature above which they dissolve completely is known as the critical solution temperature (CST or consolute temperature). If solubilities increase with decrease in temperature, then CST is the temperature below which they dissolve completely. If a binary system has no critical solution temperature, it implies that
the system comprises of partially mis-cible liquids.
the system comprises of miscible liquids.
the system comprises of an azeotrope.
on heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear.
on heating, a vapor phase will appear ; while on cooling, a solid phase will appear.
The rate of mass transfer is not dependent upon the
degree of dispersion of one fluid in the other.
interfacial surface exposed between the phases.
both (a) & (b).
none of these.
none of these.
At equilibrium the concentration of water in vapour phase (C)in kg/m3 of air space and the amount of water (m) adsorbed per kg of dry silica gel are related by, C = 0.0667m. To maintain dry conditions in a room of air space 100m3 containing 2.2 kg of water vapour initially, 10 kg of dry silica gel is kept in the room. The fraction of initial water remaining in the air space after a long time (during which the temperature is maintained constant) is
0.0
0.2
0.4
1.0
0.4
Dry bulb temperature of unsaturated air is more than its __________ temperature.
dew point
wet bulb
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
For the case of flow of air past a wet bulb thermometer (air water vapour system), the approximate value of h2/ky.Cz is around
0.60
0.24
1
0.72
1
The reciprocal of stripping factor is termed as
selectivity index
relative volatility
absorption factor
Murphree efficiency
absorption factor
Ponchan-Savarit method analyses the fractional equipment based on
enthalpy balance only.
material balance only.
both enthalpy and material balances.
the assumption of constant molaloverflow.
both enthalpy and material balances.
The binary diffusivity in gases at atmospheric conditions is about
10-9 cm/sec
10-1 cm2/sec
10-3 sec/cm
10-4 cm2/sec2
10-1 cm2/sec
Percentage saturation is __________ the relative saturation.
always smaller than
always greater than
not related to
none of these
always smaller than
In case of a desorber (stripper), the
operating line always lies above the equilibrium curve.
operating line always lies below the equilibrium curve.
temperature remains unaffected.
temperature always increases.
operating line always lies below the equilibrium curve.
What is the reflux ratio at total reflux ?
Zero
Infinity
Unity
Data insufficient
Infinity
Under conditions of flooding in packed tower, the gas pressure drop
decreases rapidly
increases rapidly
remains constant
is maximum
is maximum
For achieving rapid drying rate in a spray dryer, the diameter of the particles in the feed should be in the range of __________ microns (1 mm = 1000 microns).
1-5
10-60
200-300
> 500
10-60
For absorbing a sparingly soluble gas in a liquid
gas side mass transfer co-efficient should be increased.
liquid side mass transfer co-efficient should be increased.
liquid side mass transfer co-efficient should be decreased.
mass transfer co-efficient must be kept constant.
liquid side mass transfer co-efficient should be increased.
The change in enthalpy per unit weight of adsorbed gas when adsorbed on gas free or “outgassed” adsorbent to from a definite concentration of adsorbate is called its
integral heat of adsorption.
heat of wetting.
differential heat of adsorption.
heat of normal condensation.
integral heat of adsorption.
The minimum number of theoretical plates is required for achieving a given separation in distillation column with ____.
no reflux
total reflux
zero reflux ratio
minimum reflux ratio
total reflux
A good solvent used for absorption should not have very high
viscosity
vapor pressure
freezing point
all (a), (b) & (c)
all (a), (b) & (c)
In a counter-current liquid extractor
both liquids flow at fixed rate.
both liquids can have any desired flow rate.
only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate.
liquid’s flow rate depends upon the temperature and pressure.
only one of the liquids may be pumped at any desired rate.
Which of the following is an undesirable property for an absorbing solvent ?
Low vapour pressure
Low velocity
Low freezing point
None of these
None of these
The wetted wall tower is used to determine
individual mass transfer co-efficient (M.T.C.) in gaseous system.
M.T.C. of individual components in a liquid-liquid system.
M.T.C. of liquid in liquid-gas system.
the overall M.T.C. of the system.
individual mass transfer co-efficient (M.T.C.) in gaseous system.
Weight of 1 m3 of humid air as compared to 1 m3 of dry air, under the same conditions, is
less
more
same
unpredictable
less
Positive deviation from Raoult’s law means a mixture whose total pressure is
greater than that computed for ideality.
less than that computed for ideality.
less than the sum of the vapour pressure of the components.
none of these.
greater than that computed for ideality.
With increase in gas rate, the number of transfer units, NtoG, for a fixed degree of absorption by a fixed amount of solvent
increases
decreases
decreases linearly
remains unaffected
increases
Schmidt number is given by
μ/ρD_AB
Re.Pe
Sh x Pe
Re/Pe
μ/ρD_AB
Prandtl number for water at 20°C is about
7
70
0.7
150.
7
Boiling point diagram is
not affected by pressure.
affected by pressure.
a plot of temperature vs. liquid composition.
a plot of temperature vs. vapour composition.
affected by pressure.
When acetone is added in a two layer mixture of methyl isobutyl ketone and water at 30°C, the acetone distributes between the two layers and the composition of the layer follows two solubility curves. For this system,
as the acetone concentration increases, the solubility curves approach each other.
both the phases become identical at a particular common point on both the solubility curves called the plait point.
the distribution curve which is a plot between x (acetone concentration in one phase) and y (acetone concentration in other phase) is analogous to x-y curve used in distillation and absorption terminates on the x = y diagonal at the concentration of the plait point.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
Steam distillation is used to
reduce the number of plates.
avoid thermal decomposition of a component.
increase the efficiency of separation.
increase the total pressure of distillation.
avoid thermal decomposition of a component.
Freundlich equation applies to the adsorption of solute from
dilute solutions, over a small concentration range.
gaseous solutions at high pressure.
concentrated solutions.
none of these.
dilute solutions, over a small concentration range.
For ethanol-water system, the lowering of distillate quality from 95% to 92% will cause __________ plate requirement.
no change in theoretical
marginal decrease in the number of
major decrease in the number of
none of these
marginal decrease in the number of
The apex of an equilateral-triangular coordinate (in ternary liquid system) represents a/an
pure component
binary mixture
ternary mixture
insoluble binary system
pure component
The diffusivity (D) in a binary gas mixture is related to the pressure (P) as
D ∝ P^0.5
D ∝ 1/P^0.5
D ∝ 1/P
D ∝ 1/P^1.5
D ∝ 1/P
A slurry is to be dried to produce flaky solid. Which dryer would you recommend ?
Spray dryer
Drum dryer
Rotary dryer
Dielectric dryer
Spray dryer
Which of the following psychrometric processes is followed by water vapour laden unsaturated air, when it is passed through solid or liquid adsorbent ?
Cooling and dehumidification.
Heating and dehumidification at almost constant wet bulb temperature.
Dehumidification with dry bulb temperature remaining constant.
None of these.
Heating and dehumidification at almost constant wet bulb temperature.
In gas-liquid contact operation, the number of ideal stages, N=(Xa-Xb)/(Xb-Xb*) . This is true when the stripping factor ‘S’ is
S > 1
S < 1
S = 1
S = ∞
S > 1
The cooling effect in a cooling tower can not be increased by
increasing the air velocity over the wet surfaces.
reducing the humidity of entering air.
lowering the barometric pressure.
none of these.
none of these.
The value of NA/(NA + NB) for steady state molecular diffusion of gas ‘A’ through non-diffusing gas ‘B’ is
1
∞
0.5
2
1
The humid volume may be increased by increasing the
temperature at constant humidity.
humidity at constant temperature.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) and (b).
Pick out the wrong statement
Co-current absorbers are usually used, when the gas to be dissolved in the liquid is a pure substance.
In case of gas absorption, HETP is equal to HTU, when both the operating line & the equilibrium lines are parallel.
Hatta number is important in case of gas absorption with chemical reaction.
In actual practice, absorption is an en-dothermic process, while stripping is an exothermic process.
In actual practice, absorption is an en-dothermic process, while stripping is an exothermic process.
When the mixture to be distilled has a very high boiling point and the product material is heat sensitive, the separation technique to be used is __________ distillation.
continuous
steam
azerotropic
none of these
steam
Large scale drying of wheat is done in a __________ dryer.
fluidised bed
spouted bed
tray
vacuum rotary
spouted bed
Azeotropic distillation is employed to separate
constant boiling mixture.
high boiling mixture.
mixture with very high relative volatility.
heat sensitive materials.
constant boiling mixture.
The drying time between fixed moisture content within diffusion controlled ‘falling rate period’ is proportional to (assuming that drying occurs from all surfaces of the solid) (where, T = thickness of the solid )
√T
T
T2
T3
T2
At the boiling point of the liquid at the prevailing pressure, the saturated absolute humidity becomes
1
0
∞
none of these
∞
Use of natural draft cooling tower is practised, when the air has low
humidity
temperature
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’
both ‘a’ & ‘b’
Pressure drop through plate tower as compared to that through packed tower, for the same duty will be
less
more
equal
either (a) or (b); depends on the packing height
more
Dimension of mass diffusivity is the same as that of
kinematic viscosity
dynamic viscosity
surface tension
pressure
kinematic viscosity
Dorr thickener is an equipment used for
classification
sedimentation
clarification
leaching
sedimentation
Steam distillation is used to separate
azeotropes.
high boiling substances from nonvolatile impurities.
heat sensitive materials.
mixtures of low relative volatility.
high boiling substances from nonvolatile impurities.
In distillation where q is defined as the moles of liquid flow in the stripping section per mole of feed introduced, for saturated liquid feed
q > 1
q < 1
q = 1
q = 0
q = 1
Which of the following is an undesirable property in a tower packing ?
Large surface per unit volume.
Large free cross-section.
Low weight per unit volume.
Large weight of liquid retained.
Large weight of liquid retained.
Water entrained by circulating air in cooling towers is termed as
drift
blow down
vapor load
none of these.
drift
A 25 cm x 25 cm x 1 cm flat sheet weighing 1.2 kg initially was dried from both sides under constant drying rate conditions. It took 1500 seconds for the weight of the sheet to reduce to 1.05 kg. Another 1m x 1m x 1cm flat sheet of the same material is to be dried from one side only.Under the same constant drying rate conditions, the time required for drying (in seconds) from its initial weight of 19.2 kg to 17.6 kg is
1000
1500
2000
2500
1000
With increase in temperature, the rate of leaching increases, because the
diffusivity of solute increases.
viscosity of solvent decreases.
thermal conductivity of solute increases.
none of these.
diffusivity of solute increases.
Humidity chart is useful for the solution of problems concerning condensation, vaporisation and air conditioning. At a given dry bulb temperature, value of humidity obtained from the humidity chart directly, is in terms of __________ humidity.
molal
relative
percentage
none of these
molal
The Kundsen diffusivity is proportional to (where, T = absolute temperature)
√T
T2
T
T4
√T
In case of constant underflow extraction operation, the __________ at all solute concentration.
solids are drained to the same extent
ratio of the insoluble to solution is constant
both(a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both(a) & (b)
In an absorption coloumn, the flooding velocity for random packing is __________ that for stacked/regular packing.
greater than
smaller than
equal to
either (a), or (b) ; depends on the type of packing
smaller than
The relation among various mass transfer co-efficients (M.T.C) for ideal gases is given by (where, Kc & Km are M.T.C. for equimolar counter diffusion with concentration & mole fraction respectively as the driving force. and, Kp = M.T.C. for diffusion of a gas through a stagnant inert gas with pressure as driving force.)
Kc = Kp = Km
Kc = Kp/RT = Km . RT/P
Kc = Kp . RT = Km . RT/p
none of these
Kc = Kp . RT = Km . RT/p
With increase in temperature, the leaching rate increases because of the
increased diffusivity.
decreased viscosity of liquid.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) and (b).
Leaching of uranium ore and gold ore is done in
centrifugal extractor
Pachuka tanks
Bollman extractor
none of these
Pachuka tanks
Blowdown in a cooling tower
means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities.
increases the scale forming tendencies of water.
is undesirable.
all (a), (b) & (c).
means discarding a small fraction of circulating water to prevent and limit the concentration of salt and impurities.
During constant rate period, the rate of drying decreases with the
decrease in air temperature
increase in air humidity
both (a) and (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) and (b)
Antibiotics are best handled in a
Podbielniak extractor.
sieve tray contractor.
rotating disc contactor.
pulsed column extractor.
Podbielniak extractor.
The fixed cost of a distillation column at minimum reflux ratio is
minimum
infinite
optimum
none of these
infinite
__________ extractor uses centrifugal force for separating the two phases.
Treybal
Schiebel
Podbielniak
None of these
Podbielniak
In a binary distillation column, if the feed contains 40 mole % vapour, the q line will have a slope of
1.5
-0.6
-1.5
0.6
-1.5
Pick out the wrong statement.
Mechanical agitation is required, if the system has low interfacial tension.
Seive tray towers are generally used for systems having low interfacial tension.
When Henry’s law constant is very small, then the mass transfer rate is controlled by the gas film resistance.
Taylor-Prandtl analogy for heat and mass transfer considers the transfer through both laminar and turbulent layers.
Mechanical agitation is required, if the system has low interfacial tension.
Acetic acid will be most economically separated from a dilute solution of acetic acid in water by
solvent extraction
continuous distillation
evaporation
absorption
solvent extraction
Design calculation for multiple component distillation is done by
Ponchon-Savarit method
Mccabe-Thiele method
enthalpy concentration method
tray to tray calculations.
tray to tray calculations.
To get high tray efficiency
interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large.
time of contact between the two phases should be less.
gas velocity should be very low.
liquid entrainment should be severe.
interfacial surface between liquid and gas phase should be large.
The mass transfer co-efficient for a solid sphere of radius ‘a’ dissolving in a large volume of quiescent liquid, in which D is the diffusivity of solute, is
D/a
D/2a
proportional to D
dependent on the Reynolds number
dependent on the Reynolds number
Pick out the wrong statement. Generally for physical adsorption, a gas of
higher molecular weight is adsorbed in preference to a gas of low molecular weight.
high critical temperature is adsorbed in preference to a gas of low critical temperature.
low volatility is adsorbed in preference to a gas of high volatility.
none of these.
none of these.
In most of the mechanically agitated liquid-liquid extractors, baffles or horizontal compartmental plates are provided, which helps in
reducing the axial mixing.
increasing the rate of extraction.
maintaining the concentration difference between the two phases.
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’.
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’.
Solvent extraction is the terminology applied to the liquid-liquid extraction, which is preferred for the separation of the components of liquids, when
extracting solvent is cheaply & abundantly available.
one of the liquid components is heat sensitive.
viscosity of liquid components is very high.
one of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent.
one of the liquid components has very high affinity towards the solvent.
Inside the distillation column, the
driving force for the vapour flow is the pressure drop.
liquids are not always at their bubble points.
pressure increases gradually from bottom to the top of the column.
none of these
driving force for the vapour flow is the pressure drop.
Diffusivity in concentrated solutions differs from that in dilute solutions, because of the changes in
viscosity with concentration.
degree of ideality of the solution.
both (a) and (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) and (b).
Occurrence of ‘case hardening’ during drying of a high moisture solid cake __________ the drying rate.
increases
decreases
does not affect
exponentially increases
decreases
Which of the following is not a continuous drier ?
Drum drier
Spray drier
Tunnel drier
Tray drier
Tray drier
Humidification involves mass transfer between a pure liquid phase and a fixed gas, which is
insoluble in the liquid
soluble in the liquid
non-ideal in nature
at a fixed temperature
insoluble in the liquid
__________ is the temperature at which a gas-vapor mixture becomes saturated, when cooled at constant total pressure out of contact with a liquid.
Dew point
Bubble point
Dry bulb temperature
Wet bulb temperature
Dew point
Rate of leaching increases with increasing
temperature
viscosity of solvent
pressure
size of the solid
temperature
An azeotropic mixture is a __________ mixture.
binary
ternary
constant boiling point
none of these
constant boiling point
Pick out the wrong statement.
In the McCabe-Thiele diagram for binary distillation, vertical feed line represents saturated liquid feed and horizontal feed line represents saturated vapour feed.
In small columns, local efficiency is larger than Murphree efficiency; in large columns local efficiency is smaller than Murphree efficiency.
For Laminar flow over a plate of length L, the local mass transfer co-efficient at a distance L from the leading edge is 1.5 x 10-2m/s. Then the average mass transfer co-efficient for the plate is 2 x 10-2m/s.
The concentration and hydrodynamic boundary layers over a flat plate are of equal thickness, if Schmidt number is equal to unity.
For Laminar flow over a plate of length L, the local mass transfer co-efficient at a distance L from the leading edge is 1.5 x 10-2m/s. Then the average mass transfer co-efficient for the plate is 2 x 10-2m/s.
Molecular seives are regenerated by heating to __________ °C.
< 150
200-330
> 500
> 1000
200-330
In continuous distillation, the internal reflux ratio (Ri) and the external reflux ratio (Re) are related as
Ri = Re/1-Re
Ri = 1-Re/Re
Ri = Re
Ri = Re/1+Re
Ri = Re/1+Re
In a counter-current extractor, as the axial mixing increases, the extraction efficiency
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
depends on the pressure of the system
decreases
Heat sensitive materials like certain pharmaceuticals and food stuffs can be dried in a/an __________ dryer.
indirect tray
spray
freeze
none of these
freeze
In extractive distillation, solvent is
added to alter the relative volatility of the mixture.
of high volatility.
present in overhead stream.
of high viscosity to give high tray efficiency.
added to alter the relative volatility of the mixture.
Radioactive nuclear waste is treated in
mixer-settler extractor
rotating-disc contactor
pulsed column extractor
Bollman extractor
pulsed column extractor
Large scale drying of sugar is done in a __________ dryer.
spouted bed
tray
rotary
truck
rotary
__________ temperature is the steady state temperature attained by a small amount of liquid evaporating into a large quantity of unsaturated gas-vapor mixture.
Dry bulb
Wet bulb
Dew point
none of these
Wet bulb
The drying time between fixed moisture contents within the ‘constant rate period’ is proportional to (assuming that drying occurs from all surfaces of the solid) (where, T = thickness of the solid )
√T
T
T^1.5
T^3
T
__________ equation applies to diffusivities in liquids.
Gilliland
Hirschfelder
Wilke and Chang
none of these
Gilliland
A packed tower compared to a plate tower for a particular mass transfer operation
incurs smaller pressure drop.
allows installation of cooling coils.
is less costly when built in large sizes/diameters.
is more suitable, if suspended solids are present in fluid streams.
incurs smaller pressure drop.
Which of the following is the most commonly used leaching solvent in vegetable oil industry ?
Phenol
Hexane
Furfurol
Liquid SO2
Hexane
In an absorber, HETP does not vary with the
flow rate of liquid
flow rate of gas
type and size of packing
none of these
none of these
Large quantity of silica gel is normally dried in a __________ dryer.
freeze
through circulation
rotary vacuum
tray
through circulation
For the same system, if the same liquid used in an absorber is decreased, the tower height will
increase
decrease
remain unaffected
decrease or increase ; depends on the type of liquid
increase
Hydrogenation of oil is carried out in a/an __________ in Vanaspati manufacturing plant.
agitated vessel
sieve tray column
bubble cap column
packed tower
agitated vessel
Sides of equilateral-triangular co-ordinates (on which ternary liquid system is plotted) represent
a pure component.
a binary mixture.
a ternary mixture.
partially miscible ternary system.
a binary mixture.
In distillation column design, the McCabe-Thiele procedure is inadequate and a Ponchan-Savarit procedure is needed, when
saturated feed is not used.
an azeotrope forms.
the latent heat of vaporisation of the more and less volatile components are greatly different.
a total condenser is used.
a total condenser is used.
In an interphase mass transfer process, the lesser the solubility of a given solute in a liquid, the higher are the chances that the transfer process will be
liquid phase resistance-controlled.
gas phase resistance controlled.
impossible.
driven by a non-linear driving force.
gas phase resistance controlled.
As the reflux ratio decreases, the
separation becomes more efficient.
number of plates increases.
column diameter increases.
none of these.
number of plates increases.
Which of the following equipments is not used for gas dispersion ?
Agitated vessels
Bubble cap tray towers
Perforated sieve tray towers
Spray towers
Spray towers
One mole feed of a binary mixture of a given composition is flash vaporised at a fixed P and T. If Raoult’s law is obeyed, then changing the feed composition would effect
the product composition but not the fraction vaporised.
the product composition as well as the fraction vaporised.
the fraction vaporised but not the product composition.
neither the product composition nor the fraction vaporised.
the fraction vaporised but not the product composition.
The equation, is for Na = Dab*Pt/RTZ(y1-y2) is for
steady state equimolar counter diffusion
Fick’s first law of diffusion
steady state diffusion for stagnant case
liquid M.T.C. by penetration theory.
steady state equimolar counter diffusion
With increase in the liquid flow rate at a fixed gas velocity in a randomly packed counter current gas-liquid absorption column, the gas pressure drop
decreases
remains unchanged
increases
decreases exponentially
increases
The equation, is for Na = [Dab*Pt/RTZ.Pbm] * (y1-y2) is for
Fick’s second law of diffusion.
stready state diffusion for stagnant case.
liquid M.T.C. by Higbie penetration theory.
none of these.
stready state diffusion for stagnant case.
Which of these columns incurs the lowest pressure drop ?
Packed column (with stacked packing)
Packed column (with dumped packing)
Bubble plate column
Pulse column
Packed column (with stacked packing)
In the desorption of highly soluble gas from the liquid, the main resistance will be in the __________ phase.
gas
liquid
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
liquid
If G = insoluble gas in gas stream and L = non-volatile solvent in liquid stream, then the slope of the operating line for the absorber is
L/G
G/L
always < 1
none of these
L/G
Which of the following remains constant during evaporative cooling process with recirculated water supply ?
Relative humidity
Partial pressure of vapour
Wet bulb temperature
None of these
Wet bulb temperature
For stripping of a gas in a counter current stripper, the operating line
lies above the equilibrium curve.
lies below the equilibrium curve.
can lie above or below the equilibrium curve.
is always parallel to the equilibrium curve.
can lie above or below the equilibrium curve.
Which of the following same diameter columns gives lowest pressure drop per unit height ?
Bubble-cap column
Sieve-plate column
Packed column (stacked)
Randomly packed column
Packed column (stacked)
Diffusion in concentrated solutins differs from that in dilute solutions, because of the change in the __________ with the concentration of the solution.
degree of ideality
viscosity
both ‘a ‘& ‘b’
neither ‘a’ nor ‘b’
both ‘a ‘& ‘b’
Stage efficiency in a leaching process depends on the
time of contact between the solid and the solution
rate of diffusion of the solute through the solid and into the liquid
both (a) and (b)
vapour pressure of the solution
both (a) and (b)
Operating velocity in a packed tower is usually __________ the flooding velocity.
half
twice
equal to
more than
half
The Knudsen diffusivity is dependent on the
molecular velocity only.
pore radius of the catalyst only.
molecular mean free path only.
molecular velocity and pore radius of the catalyst.
molecular velocity and pore radius of the catalyst.
Minimum possible diameter of a packed coloumn is decided mainly by the
flooding
gas viscosity
liquid density
liquid hold up
flooding
Solvent used in extractive distillation
is of low volatility.
forms a low boiling azeotrope.
forms a high boiling azeotrope.
does not alter the relative volatility of the original components.
forms a low boiling azeotrope.
Capacity of a rotary dryer depends on its
r.p.m
inclination with ground surface
both (a) and (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) and (b)
The cooling effect in a cooling tower can be speeded up by
increasing the air velocity and area of exposed wet surface.
reducing the barometric pressure.
reducing the humidity of the air.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
When both the fluids flow concurrently in an absorber, the slope of the operating line is
- ve
+ ve
1
-1
- ve
The percentage humidity is less than the relative humidity only at __________ percent humidity.
zero
hundred
both zero and hundred
none of these
both zero and hundred
Back-trapping in a distillation column
increases tray efficiency.
decreases tray efficiency.
reduces pressure drop.
is desirable, as it provides improved vapour-liquid contact.
decreases tray efficiency.
Flooding in a vapor-liquid contacting equipment occurs in a tray, when the pressure drop through a tray is __________ the liquid head available in the downcomer.
less than
more than
same as
very much less
more than
Milk is dried usually in a __________ dryer.
freeze
spray
tray
rotary
spray
At a given equilibrium pressure, with increase in temperature, the concentration of adsorbed gas on solid adsorbant
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
increases exponentially
decreases
Which of the following adsorbent is used to decolourise yellow glycerine ?
Silica gel
Alumina
Fuller’s earth
Activated carbon
Activated carbon
In a distillation column, with increase in the reflux ratio, the heat removed in the cooler
increases.
decreases.
remains unaffected.
and the heat required in reboiler decreases.
increases
Pick out the wrong statement.
Constant pressure distillation can not separate an azeotropic mixture.
Relative volatility of a binary mixture changes appreciably with the minor change in temperature.
The relative volatility of a binary mixture at azeotropic composition is unity.
Flash distillation is practised on wide spread scale in petroleum refinery.
Relative volatility of a binary mixture changes appreciably with the minor change in temperature.
Which of the following is not a unit of mass transfer co-efficient ?
Moles transferred/(time)(area)(mole fraction)
Moles transferred/(time)(area)(pressure)
Moles transferred/(time)(area)(mass A/mass B)
None of these
None of these
The falling rate period in the drying of a solid is characterised by
increase in rate of drying.
increasing temperatures both on the surface and within the solid.
decreasing temperatures.
none of these.
increasing temperatures both on the surface and within the solid.
In which of the following unit operations, the selectivity is an important parameter ?
Distillation
Solvent extraction
Absorption
None of these
Solvent extraction
Which of the following is an undesirable characteristic for the solvent used in gas absorption ?
Low vapor pressure
Low viscosity
High gas solubility
None of these
None of these
Which of the following equipments is not used for liquid dispersion ?
Wetted wall towers
Packed towers
Venturi scrubbers
Agitated vessels
Agitated vessels
Diameter of raschig rings used in packed tower in industry is normally around __________ inches.
2
8
12
18
2
The diffusion co-efficient in m2 /s. of acetic acid in benzene (liquid in liquid) is
2.09 x 10-4
2.09 x 10-5
2.09 x 10-9
2.09 x 10-12
2.09 x 10-9
Pick out the wrong statement.
The Reynolds analogy for mass transfer is given by Lewis relation and is applicable, when Schmidt number is one.
Sherwood number for flow in pipes can be expressed as the ratio of the concentration gradient at wall to the overall concentration difference.
According to film theory for equimolar counter diffusion, the mass transfer coefficient is given by DAB(b)P - 3, Q - 2
The z-component of the total mass flux of a component A in binary mixture of A and B is given by - Dab’.dCA/dz.
According to film theory for equimolar counter diffusion, the mass transfer coefficient is given by DAB(b)P - 3, Q - 2
In case of non-ideal gases and liquids, the molal diffusivity
varies inversely as the pressure.
varies directly as the pressure.
is independent of pressure.
is equal to the volumetric diffusivity.
is independent of pressure.
Condensation of a vapour-gas mixture just begins, when (where, p = partial pressure of the vapour P = vapour pressure of the liquid )
p = P
p»_space;P
p < P
p «_space;P
p = P
__________ number indicates the ratio of the rates of the heat and mass transfer incase of a cooling tower.
Sherwood
Stanton
Lewis
Peclet
Lewis
The expression, y(1 - x)/x(1 - y) is for
absorption factor
relative volatility
selectivity
Murphree efficiency
relative volatility
In physical terms, Schmidt number means
thermal diffusivity/mass diffusivity.
thermal diffusivity/momentum diffusivity.
momentum diffusivity/mass diffusivity.
mass diffusivity/thermal diffusivity.
momentum diffusivity/mass diffusivity.
In case of liquids, the binary diffusivity is proportional to (where, T = temperature)
T
√T
T2
1/T
T
The diffusivity, DAB (for component A diffusing in B) is equal to the diffusivity DBA (for component B diffusing in A) for a binary mixture of
Newtonion liquids
non-Newtonion liquids
ideal gases
real gases
ideal gases
Mass transfer co-efficient is directly proportional to DAB0.5, according to __________ theory.
penetration
surface renewal
film
none of these
penetration
Sand is dried in foundaries in a___drier.
rotary
fluidised bed
vacuum
spray
fluidised bed
Which of the following employs an accessory known as ‘drift eliminator’ ?
Multiple effect evaporator.
Mechanical draft cooling tower.
Rotary dryer.
Rotating disc contactor.
Mechanical draft cooling tower.
Pick out the correct statement.
Higher hold up of the solid in the rotary dryer results in better exposure of the solids to the gas.
The ‘Hatta number’ is important in problems involving gas absorption without chemical reaction.
For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both components is linear in the case of steady state equimolal counter-diffusion.
Total reflux in case of distillation operation requires infinite number of plates for a binary system separation.
For a non-reacting binary mixture of ideal gases, the partial pressure distribution of both components is linear in the case of steady state equimolal counter-diffusion.
Pick out the correct statement.
For identical gas flow rates, less pressure drop occurs through a plate tower than through a packed tower.
Plate column can handle greater liquid loads without flooding than packed column, but the liquid hold up is more in the case of plate column.
For the same duty, plate columns weigh less than packed columns.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
Humid volume is the total volume in m3 of 1 kg of
vapour laden gas at 1 atm. and room temperature.
gas plus its accompanying vapour at 1 atm. and room temperature.
gas plus its accompanying vapour at 1 atm. and gas temperature.
vapour laden gas at 1 atm. and gas temperature.
gas plus its accompanying vapour at 1 atm. and gas temperature.
Diameter to height ratio for a rashig ring is
1
0.5
2
8
1
The equipment used in the extraction of highly corrosive radio active liquids is
pulse column
spray column
mixer settler
baffle tower
pulse column
Advantage of continuous drying over batch drying is that the
drying cost per unit weight of dried product is less.
product with more uniform moisture content is produced.
equipment size required is smaller.
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’
With increase in temperature, the rate of extraction in leaching (solid-liquid extraction system)
increases
decreases
remains unaffected
increases Linearly
increases
In a packed bed absorption column, the channelling will be noted by the
increase in flow rate.
sharp drop in pressure drop.
sharp rise in pressure drop.
none of these.
sharp drop in pressure drop.
Gaseous diffusivity at atmospheric pressure is of the order of __________ cm2/second.
1
1 to 5
5 to 10
> 10
1
In liquid-liquid extraction, the number of phases at plait point is
1
2
3
4
1
In a liquid-liquid extraction, 10 kg of a solution containing 2 kg of solute C and 8 kg of solvent A is brought into contact with 10 kg of solvent B. Solvent A and B are completely immiscible in each other whereas solute C is soluble in both the solvents. The extraction process attains equilibrium. The equilibrium relationship between the two phases is Y* = 0.9X, where Y* is the kg of C/kg of B and X is kg of C/kg of A. Choose the correct answer.
The entire amount of C is transferred to solvent B.
Less than 2 kg but more than 1 kg of C is transferred to solvent B.
Less than 1 kg of C is transferred to B.
No amount of C is tranferred to B.
The entire amount of C is transferred to solvent B.
The surface renewal frequency in Danckwerts’ model of mass transfer is given by (KL: mass transfer co-efficient)
√(KL2.DA)
KL2.DA
KL2/DA
KL/DA2
√(KL2.DA)
If Rm is the minimum reflux ratio, the optimum reflux ratio may be around __________ Rm.
1.2 to 1.5
2.5 to 3
3 to 4
5
1.2 to 1.5
During dehumidification of unsaturated air wet bulb temperature & partial pressure of vapor are not constant. However, during evaporative cooling process with recirculated water supply, the __________ remains constant.
wet bulb temperature
partial pressure of water vapor
relative humidity
none of these
wet bulb temperature
In case of absorption, both the operating and equilibrium lines will be straight for
isothermal operation.
dilute solutions.
dilute solutions and isothermal operation.
none of these.
dilute solutions and isothermal operation.
Mass transfer co-efficient varies as DAB0.5, according to the __________ theory.
film
surface renewal
penetration
none of these
surface renewal
For an absorber, both equilibrium and operating line will be straight for
concentrated solution and non-isothermal operation.
dilute solution and non-isothermal operation.
dilute solution and isothermal operation.
concentrated solution and isothermal operation.
dilute solution and isothermal operation.
Unsaturated air (with dry bulb and wet bulb temperatures being 45°C and 25°C respectively) is passed through a water spray chamber maintained at 23°C. The air will be cooled and
humidified with wet bulb temperature decreasing.
humidified at constant wet bulb temperature.
dehumidified.
none of these
humidified with wet bulb temperature decreasing.
Humid volume, at a given temperature is a/an __________ function of humidity.
inverse
exponential
linear
logarithmic
linear
The Schmidt number which is defined as, μ/ρ D, is the ratio of the
momentum diffusivity to the mass dif-fusivity.
thermal diffusivity to the mass diffusivity.
momentum diffusivity to the thermal diffusivity.
none of these.
momentum diffusivity to the mass dif-fusivity.
If f is defined as above, then which of the following applies to a feed at dew point ?
f = 1
f < 1
f > 1
0 < f < 1
f = 1
Perforated plate towers are unique for solvent extraction because, they provide
higher contact area.
better contact of the phase.
repeated coalescence & redispersion of the drop phase.
none of these.
repeated coalescence & redispersion of the drop phase.
In case of absorption & stripping, the interface of the liquid & gas phases are present in equilibrium, when the diffusional resistance of __________ is zero.
interface
gas phase
liquid phase
all ‘a’, ‘b’ & ‘c’
interface
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the analogy between equations of heat and mass transfer operations.
Sherwood number in mass transfer is analogous to Nusselt number in heat transfer.
Prandtl number in heat transfer is analogous to Schmidt number in mass transfer.
Reynolds number in mass transfer is analogous to Grashoff number in heat transfer.
Reynolds number remains the same in both heat and mass transfer.
Reynolds number in mass transfer is analogous to Grashoff number in heat transfer.
The slope of the operating line for a single component co-current absorber when plotted in terms of mole ratio units is
0
∞
-ve
+ve
-ve
The individual mass transfer co-efficients (moles/m2 . s) for absorption of a solute from a gas mixture into a liquid solvent are, KL = 4.5 and KG = 1.5. The slope of the equilibrium line is 3. Which of the following resistance (s) is (are) controlling ?
liquid side
gas side
interfacial
both liquid and gas side
gas side
Pore size of the molecular seive 5A is __________ mm.
5
0.5
0.05
50
0.5
Swenson-Walker crystalliser is a __________ unit
continuous
batch
semi-batch
cooling (adiabatic)-cum-evaporation
continuous
According to the Fenske equation, what will be the minimum number of plates required in a distillation column to separate an equimolar binary mixture of components A and B into an overhead fraction containing 99 mol% A and a bottom fraction containing 98 mol% B ? Assume that relative volatility (αAB = 2) does not change appreciably in the coloumn.
5
9
12
28
12
Absorption (liquid-gas system) with evolution of heat as compared to isothermal absorption results in
decreased solute solubility.
large minimum liquid to gas (L/G) ratio.
large number of trays.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
With increase in temperature, the mutual solubility of two liquids _____.
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
decreases exponentially
increases
Pick out the wrong statement.
In solvent extraction, the distribution co-efficient should be as large as possible for solvent economy.
With increase in pressure, the solubility of gases in solvent increases at a fixed temperature.
Decrease in Murphree plate efficiency is an indication of entrainment in distillation coloumn.
The capacity of a distillation coloumn is maximum at total reflux.
The capacity of a distillation coloumn is maximum at total reflux.
The relative volatility of a binary mixture at the azeotropic composition is
1
> 1
0
∞
1
Relative volatility varies with the concentration of component for an ideal solution. The relative volatity of a binary mixture may be defined as the ratio of vapor pressure of component ‘A’ to that of component ‘B’, when
only vapor phase follows Raoult’s law.
only liquid phase obeys Dalton’s law.
liquid phase obeys Dalton’s law and vapor phase obeys Raoult’s law.
Vapor phase obeys Dalton’s law and liquid phase obeys Raoult’s law.
Vapor phase obeys Dalton’s law and liquid phase obeys Raoult’s law.
Bound moisture is that liquid which exerts an equilibrium vapor pressure __________ that of the pure liquid at the given temperature.
less than
more than
equal to
either (o) or (b); depends on the solid
less than
Lewis number (Le) is
Sc / Pr
Pr x St
Sh x Pr
St x Sh
Sc / Pr
Which of the following is not a continuous leaching equipment ?
Pachuka tank
Kennedy extractor
Bollman extractor
Hydrocyclones
Pachuka tank
__________ extractor is used for the concentration of radioactive nuclear waste.
Pulsed column
Seive plate
Mixer-settler
Ballman
Pulsed column
Moisture content of a substance when at equilibrium with a given partial pressure of the vapour is called the __________ moisture.
free
unbound
equilibrium
bound
equilibrium
All moisture in a non-hygroscopic material is the __________ moisture.
free
equilibrium
unbound
bound
unbound
Pick out the correct relationship. (where, Ri = internal reflux ratio Ro = external reflux ratio. )
(1 + Ro) = Ro/Ri
(1 - Ro) = Ro/Ri
(1 + Ri) = Ro/Ri
(1 - Ri) = Ro/Ri
(1 + Ro) = Ro/Ri
Separation of __________ employs gaseous diffusion process.
N2 and O2 from air
isotopes of uranium
isotopes of helium
SO2 and air
isotopes of uranium
For water-ethanol system, the minimum reflux ratio
is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve.
is computed from the intercept of the operating line.
cannot be computed.
is the optimum reflux ratio.
is computed from the slope of the upper operating line that is tangent to the equilibrium curve.
The interfacial area per unit volume of dispersion, in a gas-liquid contactor, for fractional hold up of gas = 0.1 and gas bubble diameter = 0.5 mm is given by (in m2/m3)
500
1200
900
800
500
Though, theoretically the adsorption & desorption isotherms is expected to coincide but sometimes at least a part of the isotherms does not coincide and this phenomenon is known as adsorption hysterisis. In such cases, the desorption equilibrium pressure is __________ that obtained for adsorption.
lower than
higher than
same as
either same or higher than
lower than
Experimental determination of __________ is done by wetted wall column method.
diffusion co-efficient
mass transfer co-efficient
NTU
none of these
mass transfer co-efficient
Pick out the wrong statement:
Absorption factor is constant, when the equilibrium and operating lines are straight.
In case of a stripper, the equilibrium curve is always below the operating line.
In case of an absorber, the operating line is always above the equilibrium curve.
In the absorption of low solubility gases, the liquid film is the controlling resistance.
In case of a stripper, the equilibrium curve is always below the operating line.
In liquid extraction, if the selectivity is unity, then
separation of the constituents is the most effective.
no separation will occur.
amount of solvent required will be minimum.
solvent flow rate should be very low.
no separation will occur.
Paper industry employs __________ driers.
cylinder
rotary
spray
fluidised bed
cylinder
Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the cooling towers.
In case of induced draft cooling tower, the fan is placed at the top of the tower.
Effectiveness of forced draft cooling tower is reduced by the recirculation of the humid and hot discharged air.
A natural draft cooling tower is recommended to be used, when the air humidity is low and air temperature is also low.
Effectiveness of a mechanical draft cooling tower is reduced with increase in air wet-bulb temperature.
Effectiveness of a mechanical draft cooling tower is reduced with increase in air wet-bulb temperature.
Experiments were conducted to determine the flux of a species A in a stagnant medium across a gas-liquid interface. The overall mass transfer co-efficient based on the liquid side for dilute systems for the above was estimated to be 4 x 10-3 kg mole/m2.s. The equilibrium data for the system is given as y = 2x. The flux across the interface (in kg mole/m2 .s) for bulk concentrations of A in gas phase and liquid phase as y = 0.4 and x = 0.01 respectively is
5.6 x 10-4
8.5 x 10-4
5.6 x 10-3
8.5 x 10-3
8.5 x 10-4
Leaching of coarse solid lumps is also termed as
decoction
dissolution
percolation
agitation and settling
percolation
The main reason for dividing a tall packed tower into series of small towers is to
minimise the overall pressure drop.
avoid flooding.
reduce liquid hold up.
avoid channeling.
avoid channeling.
Co-current absorbers are usually used when the gas to be dissolved in the liquid is
sparingly soluble
highly soluble
a pure substance
a mixture
a pure substance
At what percentage (by volume) of alcohol composition, it forms an azeotrope with water ?
90
91.5
95
99
95
Measurement of the interfacial area of mass transfer is achieved easily & accurately in case of a __________ coloumn.
spray
packed
bubble cap plate
wetted wall
wetted wall
With the lowering of equiliDrium pressure, at a given temperature, the amount of ad-sorbate on the adsorbent
increases.
decreases.
remains same.
either (a) or (b), depends on the system.
decreases.
Mass transfer co-efficient is defined as
Flux = Co-efficient/concentration difference.
Co-efficient = Flux/concentration difference.
Flux=concentration difference/co-effi-cient.
none of these.
Co-efficient = Flux/concentration difference.
When an unsaturated air-water mixture is heated at constant pressure, then
the partial pressure of water vapour increases.
the specific humidity decreases.
The relative humidity increases.
the relative humidity decreases.
the relative humidity decreases.
At a fixed pressure, the humidity depends upon the partial pressure of vapor in the mixture. Humidity of a vapour free gas is __________ percent.
100
0
50
between 0 and 100
0
In case of physical adsorption, the difference between heat of adsorption and heat of normal condensation is
equal to the heat of formation of surface compound.
equal to the heat of wetting.
zero.
called integral heat of adsorption.
equal to the heat of wetting.
Pick out the wrong statement:
Change in barometric pressure does not affect the relative humidity.
In case of a packed tower, the operating velocity is about half of the flooding velocity, generally.
‘Elution’ means the desorption of the adsorbed solute by a solvent.
The equilibrium moisture content of the solid can be reduced by increasing the absolute humidity.
The equilibrium moisture content of the solid can be reduced by increasing the absolute humidity.
The value of L/mG ratio for economical absorption operation ranges from
0.5 to 0.8
0.8 to 1.2
1.25 to 2.0
2.5 to 3.5
1.25 to 2.0
Large scale usage of flash distillation is practised in
soap manufacturing
ammonia synthesis plant
polymerisation industry
petroleum refinning
petroleum refinning
High pressure at the bottom of a distillation tower handling heat sensitive materials results in _____.
thermal decomposition of bottoms.
increased relative volatility.
erosion of the tower.
very efficient operation.
thermal decomposition of bottoms.
Alcohol is dehydrated using __________ distillation.
extractive
azeotropic
steam
molecular
azeotropic
Separation of two volatile liquids by distillation makes use of their
selectivity
relative volatility
solubility
density difference
relative volatility
Dried finished product sampled from various parts of a __________ dryer exhibits non-uniformity in the moisture content.
rotary
tray
freeze
none of these
tray
__________ is used as an ‘entrainer’ for the separation of acetic acid-water mixture by distillation.
Furfural
Benzol
Butyl acetate
Hexane
Butyl acetate
Rotary dryers cannot handle __________ materials.
free flowing
dry
sticky
grannular
sticky
Pick out the correct statement.
Diffusivity decreases with increase in temperature.
Diffusivity increases with increase in molecular weight.
Diffusivity increases with the size of the individual molecule.
none of these.
none of these.
An example of elutioh is
separation of uranium oxide from its ore by H2SO4 in a Pachuca tank.
separation of sugar from sugar beet by hot water.
dissolution of tannin out of tree barks by water.
recovery of vegetable oils from seeds.
separation of uranium oxide from its ore by H2SO4 in a Pachuca tank.
The operating line for an absorber is curved, when plotted in terms of
mole fractions
mole ratios
partial pressure
mass fractions
partial pressure
Relative volatility does not change appreciably with the change in
temperature
vapour pressure of either component
total pressure
none of these
temperature
The dew point of a saturated gas phase equals the __________ temperature.
gas
room
wet bulb
none of these
gas
A solid material shows case hardening properties while drying. Which of the following should be controlled to control the drying process ?
Flow rate of inlet air
Relative humidity of outlet air
Humidity of inlet air
Temperature of the solid
Temperature of the solid
For continuous drying of grannular or crystalline material, the dryer used is the __________ dryer.
tunnel
tray
rotary
none of these
rotary
In case of liquid-liquid binary diffusion, diffusivity of one constituent into another is not dependent on the
temperature and pressure
concentration
nature of the constituents
none of these
none of these
When adsorption hysteresis is observed, the desorption equilibrium pressure is __________ that obtained by adsorption.
always lower than
always higher than
same as
dependent on the system; can be either lower or higher than
always lower than
Moisture in a substance exerting an equilibrium vapour pressure less than that of pure liquid at the same temperature is called the __________ moisture.
bound
unbound
critical
none of these
bound
For a binary mixture with low relative volatility, continuous rectification to get pure products will require
low reflux ratio
less number of trays
small cross-section column
high reflux ratio
high reflux ratio
The efficiency of a plate column will be maximum, when the flow is ideal __________ the plate.
across
above
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) & (b)
Heat load in a cooling tower
means the amount of heat thrown away (KCal/hr.) by the cooling tower.
is equal to the number of kg, of water circulated times the cooling range.
both (a) & (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) & (b).
Detergent solution is dried to a powder in a
spray dryer
spouted bed dryer
tunnel dryer
pan open to atmosphere
spray dryer
Which of the following mixtures does not form an azeotrope at atmosheric pressure?
Water-alcohol
Methyl alcohol-acetone
Butyl acetate-water
None of these
None of these
During bottling of cold drinks (e.g. Pepsi), the main resistance to mass transfer for the absorption of carbon dioxide in water lies in the
gas film
liquid film
liquid-gas interface
none of these
liquid film
The overall mass transfer co-efficient for the absorption of SO2 in air with dilute NaOH solution can be increased substantially by
increasing the gas film co-efficient.
increasing the liquid film co-efficient.
increasing the total pressure.
decreasing the total pressure.
increasing the gas film co-efficient.
Flooding results in
high tray efficiency
low tray efficiency
high gas velocity
good contact between the fluids
low tray efficiency
For the air water system under ambient conditions, the adiabatic saturation temperature and the wet bulb temperature are nearly equal, because
water has a high latent heat of evaporation.
Lewis number is close to unity.
they are always equal under all circumstances.
solubility of the components of air in water is very small.
water has a high latent heat of evaporation.
In an operating distillation column, the
vapors and liquids are at their dew point and bubble point respectively
driving force for the liquid flow is its specific weight.
driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column.
highest temperature is encountered at the top of the column.
driving force for the vapor flow is the pressure drop, as the pressure decreases gradually from the bottom to the top of the column.
In a forced draft cooling tower, water is cooled from 95 to 80°F by exposure to air with a wet bulb temperature of 70°F. In this case, the
range is 15°F.
approach is 10°F.
both (a) & (b).
neither (a) nor (b).
both (a) & (b).
Temperature range (T1 - T2) = 15°F.
Temperature approach (T2 - tw) = 10°F.
Wet-bulb temperature tw = 70°F.
The diffusivity (D) in a binary gas mixture is related to the temperature (T) as
D ∝ T
D ∝ T^0.5
D ∝ T^1.5
D ∝ T2
D ∝ T^1.5
Refer to Fuller et al.
For which of the following unit operations, Lewis number is of significance ?
Adsorption
Binary distillation
Gas absorption
Humidification
Humidification
Tray spacing in a distillation column of dia 10-12 ft. used in petroleum refinery may be around __________ inches.
5
30
60
100
30
If a1 and a2 are the relative volatilities when the pressure in the distillation column is 1 and 2 atm respectively. Pick out the correct statement.
a1 = a2
a1 = 2a2
a1 = 0.5 a2
none of these
none of these
The dimension of diffusivity is same as that of the
density
molal concentration
kinematic viscosity
velocity head
kinematic viscosity
The temperature to which a vapour gas mixture must be cooled (at varying humidity) to become saturated is called the __________ temperature.
dew point
wet bulb
dry bulb
none of these
none of these
Must be adiabatic temp
Entrainer used in azeotropic distillation should
form a low boiling azeotrope with one of the constituents of the mixture.
form a new azeotrope of low relative volatility with one of the constituents of the mixture.
have high latent heat of vaporisation.
have high viscosity to provide high tray efficiency.
form a low boiling azeotrope with one of the constituents of the mixture.
In case of steam distillation, the steam leaving the liquid is not completely saturated with distillate vapour, because
temperature is less.
total pressure is less.
mixing of steam with the material being vaporised is not so intimate as to result in equilibrium condition.
saturated steam is used for steam distillation.
mixing of steam with the material being vaporised is not so intimate as to result in equilibrium condition.
Pick out the wrong statement.
The operating line always lies above the equilibrium solubility curve in case of a single component absorber.
The operating line always lies below the equilibrium solubility curve in case of a single component stripper.
The operating pressure in solvent extraction system should be below vapor pressures of all components.
The solubility of a particular gas in ideal solution in any solvent is always the same.
The operating pressure in solvent extraction system should be below vapor pressures of all components.
Leaching of coffee from coffee beans is done by
hot water
hexane
lime water
dilute H2SO4 (hot)
hot water
For contacting a highly soluble gas with a liquid
bubble the gas through liquid.
spray the liquid on gas stream.
either (a) or (b) would suffice.
none of these.
bubble the gas through liquid.
During drying operation, it is easier to remove the __________ moisture.
equilibrium
critical
unbound
bound
unbound
With increase in solvent rate, the number of transfer units, NtoG, for a fixed degree of absorption from a fixed amount of gas
increases
decreases
decreases linearly
remains unaffected
decreases
Ion exchange process is similar to
absorption
adsorption
extraction
leaching
adsorption
A distillation column with N plates is being operated under normal conditions. At some point of time, the operation is shifted to total reflux condition (i.e., no product and residue are being withdrawn and feed to the column is stopped). At the new steady state,
composition of vapors and that of liquid do not vary throughout the column.
reboiler load and condenser load are minimum.
the top and bottom compositions are unchanged with and without total reflux.
the top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available.
the top and bottom compositions correspond to the maximum enrichment available.
Dryer widely used in a textile industry is __________ dryer.
festoon
cylinder
conveyor
tunnel
conveyor
Solvent used in extractive distillation
changes the relative volatility of the original components.
should be of high volatility.
should form azeotropes with the original components.
all (a), (b) and (c)
changes the relative volatility of the original components.
Air at a particular humidity is heated in a furnace. The new dew point
decreases
increases
depends on the extent of heating
remain unchanged
increases
In a packed tower, the value of HETP equals HTUOG, when the equilibrium and the operating lines are (where, HETP = height equivalant to a theoretical plate HTUOG = overall gas phase height of a transfer unit)
straight
parallel
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)
both (a) & (b)
The vapour pressure exerted by the moisture contained in a wet solid depends upon the
nature of the moisture.
temperature.
nature of the solid.
all (a), (b) and (c).
all (a), (b) and (c).
The absorption factor is defined as (where, L = liquid flow rate, G = gas flow rate and, m = slope of the equilibrium line)
L/mG
G/mL
mL/G
LG/m
L/mG
Smoke is an example of
solid dispersed in liquid
solid dispersed in gas
liquid dispersed in gas
gas dispersed in liquid
solid dispersed in gas
Which of the following adsorbant is used in the refinning of sugar ?
Bone charcoal
Wood charcoal
Silica gel
Activated clay
Bone charcoal
Stacked packing compared to dumped packing
provides poorer contact between the fluids.
gives lower pressure drop.
both (a) and (b).
gives higher pressure drop.
both (a) and (b).
In McCabe-Thiele method of theoretical plate calculation for a distillation column, the operating lines of stripping and rectifying sections coincide with the diagonal at __________ reflux.
total
minimum
operating
maximum permissible
total
