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Environmental Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Suspended solid present in the waste water generated in blast furnace gas cooling and cleaning plant is removed by
biological oxygen pond.
radial settling tank (thickener) using coagulant (lime & ferrous sulphate).
lagoons.
filtration.

A

radial settling tank (thickener) using coagulant (lime & ferrous sulphate).

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2
Q

Persons working in cement plants and limestone quarries are more prone to disease like:
cancer
asthma
silicosis
flourosis (bone disease)

A

silicosis

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3
Q

Particulates (< 1μm size) remaining suspended in air indefinitely and transported by wind currents are called
fumes
mists
smoke
aerosols

A

aerosols

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4
Q

Operating principle of cyclone separator is based on the action of __________ dust particles.
diffusion of
centrifugal force on
gravitational force on
electrostatic force on

A

centrifugal force on

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5
Q

Exposure to small amount of __________ results in high blood pressure & heart disease in human beings.
hydrogen sulphide
mercury
cadmium
asbestos

A

cadmium

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6
Q

Maximum allowable concentration of CO2 in air for safe working is __________ ppm (parts per million).
50
1000
2000
5000

A

5000

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7
Q

Tolerable limit of nitrogen oxides in air is __________ ppm.
0.1
1
5
25

A

5

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8
Q

Iron & manganese present as pollutant in water can not be removed by _____.
ion exchange process.
oxidation followed by settling & filtration.
lime soda process or manganese zeolite process.
chlorination.

A

chlorination

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9
Q

In water chemical treatment plant, use of chloramines ensures _____.
disinfection.
taste & odour control.
weed control in reservoirs.
removal of permanent hardness.

A

disinfection

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10
Q

Which of the following is the common pollutant emitted from metallurgical smelters, thermal power plant and cement plants ?
NOx
Hg
SO2
F

A

SO2

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11
Q

During which of the following operating conditions of an automobile, carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gas is maximum ?
Idle running
Acceleration
Cruising
Deaccelaration

A

Idle running

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12
Q

H2S present in gaseous stream can be removed by adsorption on
silica gel
active carbon
bog iron
limestone powder

A

bog iron

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13
Q

Inhalation of lead compounds present in automobile exhaust (using leaded petrol) causes
blood poisoning.
anaemia.
nervous system disorder.
all (a), (b) & (c).

A

all (a), (b) & (c).

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14
Q

Replenishment of dissolved oxygen in water stream polluted with industrial waste occurs by
natural aeration of water stream.
photosynthetic action of algae.
both (a) & (b).
neither (a) nor (b).

A

both (a) & (b).

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15
Q

Aerodynamic noise resulting from turbulent gas flow is the most prevalent source of valve noise in fluid ilow control. It is caused due to
Reynold stresses
shear forces
both (a) & (b)
neither (a) nor (b)

A

both (a) & (b)

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16
Q

Smoke is produced due to
insufficient supply of combustion air and insufficient time for combustion.
poor quality of fuel and improper mixing of fuel & combustion air.
poor design & overloading of furnace.
all (a), (b) and (c).

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

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17
Q

Fluorosis (a bone disease) is caused by the presence of high concentration of __________ in atmospheric air.
hydrocarbons
hydrogen flouride
hydrogen sulphides
nitrogen dioxide

A

hydrogen flouride

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18
Q

Threshold Limit Value (TLV) is the maximum allowable concentration (i.e. safe limit) of pollutants in air. Safe limit for SO2 in air is __________ ppm.
5
500
1000
2000

A

5

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19
Q

Main pollutants released from iron & steel industry is
CO, CO2 & SO2.
H2S, NO & SO3.
CO2, H2S & NO2.
SO3, NO2 & CO2.

A

CO, CO2 & SO2.

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20
Q

Exposure to chemicals having carcinogenic properties cause
dermatitis (skin disorder)
cancer
asphyxiation (suffocation)
asthma

A

cancer

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21
Q

Scale formation in boiler is controlled by
preheating of feed water.
reduction in hardness, silica & alumina in feed water.
keeping the pH value of feed water just below 7.
eliminating H2S in feed water.

A

reduction in hardness, silica & alumina in feed water.

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22
Q

Noise level heard at a distance of about 100 metres from a jet engine with after burner is about __________ decibels.
120
140
170
200

A

170

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23
Q

TLV of mercury in potable (drinking) water is about __________ ppm.
0.001
0.1
1
5

A

0.001

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24
Q

Which is the best and the most effective method for the removal of organic contaminant present in the polluted water in very small quantity (say < 200 mg/litre)?
Lagooning
Activated carbon adsorption
Biological oxidation pond
Chemical coagulation

A

Activated carbon adsorption

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25
Q

Which is a secondary air pollutant ?
Photochemical smog
Sulphur dioxide
Nitrogen dioxide
Dust particles

A

Photochemical smog

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26
Q

Which of the following is the most detrimental for water used in high pressure boiler ?
Silica
Turbidity
Phenol
Dissolved oxygen

A

Silica

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27
Q

Turbidity of water is an indication of the presence of
suspended inorganic matter
dissolved solids
floating solids
dissolved gases

A

suspended inorganic matter

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28
Q

Presence of excess flourine in water causes
dental cavity
tooth decay
fluorosis
respiratory disease

A

fluorosis

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29
Q

Siderosis is a disease caused by the inhalation of __________ dust.
coal
silica
iron
none of these

A

iron

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30
Q

Which of the following pollutants is not emitted during volcanic eruptions ?
SO2
H2S
CO
hydrocarbons

A

hydrocarbons

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31
Q

The main pollutant in waste water discharged from a petroleum refinery is oil (both in free and emulsified form). Free oil is removed by
biological oxygen pond.
aerated lagoons.
trickling filters.
gravity separator having oil skimming devices.

A

gravity separator having oil skimming devices.

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32
Q

Phenolic water generated in coke ovens & by-product plant attached to an integrated steel plant containing phenol in concentration of less than 100 mg/litre can be removed by
chlorination
treating in biological oxygen pond
chemical coagulation
none of these

A

treating in biological oxygen pond

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33
Q

Which of the following dust collection equipments is the least efficient (for sub-micronic particles) ?
Dust catcher (gravity type)
Cyclone separator
Bag filter
Hollow wet scrubber

A

Dust catcher (gravity type)

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34
Q

Dust collection efficiency of a cyclone separator depends upon its
diameter.
inlet gas velocity.
overall height.
all (a), (b) & (c).

A

all (a), (b) & (c).

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35
Q

Ionisation potential employed in the industrial electrostatic precipitator is of the order of
30 to 70 kV DC
30 to 70 kV AC
230 V AC
230 V DC

A

30 to 70 kV DC

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36
Q

The widest explosive limit is of __________ , thereby making it the most explosive gas.
acetylene
petrol vapor
hydrogen
carbon monoxide

A

acetylene

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37
Q

Aerobic biological oxidation ponds used for the purification of polluted water
destroys/removes pathogen from the sewage.
is not very effective for nonbiodegradable substances (e.g. ABS) containing effluents.
destroys/removes pathogen much more effectively if the sewage is chlorinated.
all (a), (b) & (c).

A

all (a), (b) & (c).

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38
Q

Polluted water having low BOD are most economically treated in
sedimentation tanks
oxidation ponds
sludge digester
clarifier

A

oxidation ponds

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39
Q

Tri-sodium phosphate is used in boiler water treatment to reduce
turbidity
caustic embrittlement
suspended silica
dissolved oxygen

A

caustic embrittlement

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40
Q

The commonest form of iron & manganese found in ground water as pollutant is in the form of their
carbonates
bi-carbonates
chlorides
sulphides

A

bi-carbonates

41
Q

80% less than 200 mesh size particles are called
smoke
powder
grit
aggregates

A

powder

42
Q

Coal washing waste water containing about 3% suspended solids (comprising of clay, slate, stone etc.) is treated for solid particles removal
by chemical coagulation.
in sedimentation tanks equipped with mechanical scrapper.
in vacuum filter.
in clarifiers.

A

in sedimentation tanks equipped with mechanical scrapper.

43
Q

Inhalation of lead compounds present in the automobile exhausts (using leaded petrol) causes
blood poisoning.
anaemia.
nervous system disorder.
all (a), (b) and (c).

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

44
Q

TLV of ozone (O3) and phosgene (COCl2) in air is __________ ppm.
0.1
25
100
1000

A

0.1

45
Q

Most of the atmospheric air pollutants are present in large quantity in
stratosphere
thermosphere
trophosphere
mesosphere

A

trophosphere

46
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.
Caustic embrittlement of boiler’s metallic parts is caused by high concentration of caustic soda in boiler feed water.
Cooling and freezing of water kills the bacteria present in it.
With increasing boiler operating pressure of steam, the maximum allowable concentration of silica in feed water goes on decreasing.
Dissolved oxygen content in high pressure boiler feed water should be nil.

A

Cooling and freezing of water kills the bacteria present in it.

Many bacteria survive freezing temps.

47
Q

‘Pneumoconiosis’ is a disease caused by the inhalation of __________ dust.
coal
uranium ore
iron ore
lime

A

coal

48
Q

The ratio of oxygen available to the oxygen required for stabilisation of sewage is called the
bacterial stability factor.
relative stability.
biological oxygen demand (BOD).
oxygen ion concentration.

A

relative stability.

49
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.

The concentric atmosphere layer just above troposphere is called stratosphere, which is rich in ozone.
Mesosphere is characterised by very low atmospheric pressure and low temperature.
Troposhere is a dusty zone containing water vapor and clouds.
The radio waves used in the long distance radio communication are reflected back to earth by stratosphere.

A

The radio waves used in the long distance radio communication are reflected back to earth by stratosphere.

They are reflected back in the ionosphere.

50
Q

Most efficient and suitable dust removal equipment for removal of flyash from flue gas in a thermal power plant is the
gravity settling chamber
cyclone separator
electrostatic precipitator
bag filter

A

electrostatic precipitator

51
Q

Which of the following is not a secondary air pollutant ?
Ozone
Photochemical smog
Sulphur dioxide
All (a), (b) & (c)

A

Sulphur dioxide

Ozone and photochemical smog are formed from NOx and VOCs.

52
Q

The concentration of water vapour in troposphere, which depends upon the altitude & temperature varies in the range of zero to __________ percent.
1
4
8
12

A

4

53
Q

The main industrial source of emission of hydrogen sulphide air pollutant is
petroleum refineries.
coal based thermal power plants.
pulp and paper plant.
metallurgical roasting & smelting plant.

A

coal based thermal power plants.

54
Q

Waste/polluted water discharged from electroplating, blast furnace and coal mining industries contain mainly __________ substances.
radioactive
organic
inorganic
none of these

A

inorganic

55
Q

Sound produced by an automobile horn heard at a distance of 1.5 metres corresponds to about __________ decibels.
90
120
150
180

A

120

56
Q

Moist atmospheric air at high temperature (e.g., in summer) having high concentration of sulphur dioxide causes
fading of dyes on textiles.
corrosion, tarnishing & soiling of metals.
reduced strength of textiles.
all (a), (b) and (c).

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

57
Q

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) is not produced in the __________ industry.
nitric acid making
nitrogenous fertiliser
detergent
any of these

A

detergent

58
Q

World’s worst radioactive pollution was caused by nuclear reactor disaster which occured in
Arizona (U.S.A.)
Chernobyl (undivided U.S.S.R.)
Pensylvania (U.S.A.)
Moscow (U.S.S.R.)

A

Chernobyl (undivided U.S.S.R.)

59
Q

Dissolved oxygen content in river water is around __________ ppm.
5
100
250
500

A

5

60
Q

Oil and grease present in an emulsified state in waste water discharged from industries can be removed by
biological oxidation.
skimming off.
settling out using chemical reagents.
chlorination.

A

settling out using chemical reagents.

61
Q

The amount of chemical coagulant added for treatment of polluted water __________ with increase in temperature of the polluted water to be treated.
decreases.
increases.
remains constant.
may increase or decrease ; depends on the chemical characteristics of polluted water.

A

decreases.

62
Q

Particles having diameter greater than 75 μm (micrometer = 10-6 mm) are called
grit
dust
powder
smoke

A

grit

63
Q

Which of the following is the most severe air pollutant ?
hydrocarbons
NOx
SO2
CO

A

NOx

64
Q

Presence of bacteria in potable (drinking) water causes
turbidity
disease
bad odour
bad taste & colour

A

disease

65
Q

What are the methods of treatment & disposal of radioactive wastes ?
Evaporation & chemical precipitation.
Biological methods & adsorption in ion exchange materials.
Fixing into a solid mass with cement and sinking deep in the sea.
All (a), (b) & (c).

A

All (a), (b) & (c).

66
Q

Bacterial aerobic oxidation of polluted water in biological oxidation ponds is done to purify it. Presence of bacteria helps in
coagulation and flocculation of colloids.
oxidation of carbonaceous matter to CO2.
nitrification or oxidation of ammonia derived from breakdown of nitrogeneous organic matter to the nitrite and eventually to the nitrate.
all (a), (b) and (c).

A

all (a), (b) and (c).

67
Q

Main pollutant present in automobile exhaust is
CO
CO2
NO
hydrocarbons

A

CO

68
Q

Maximum allowable noise exposure limits for a man working for 8 hours a day in a noisy chemical plant is about __________ decibels.
20
60
90
120

A

90

69
Q

Industrial workers working in leather tanning & manufacturing units are prone to suffer from
respirtory ailments (e.g. bronchitis).
skin diseases (e.g. dermatities).
silicosis.
blurred vision.

A

skin diseases (e.g. dermatities).

70
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.
Biological oxygen demand (B.O.D.) value of a sewerage sample is always lower than its chemical oxygen demand (C.O.D.) value.
Environmental pollution by NOx emission is much higher by four stroke petrol engines as compared to the two stroke engines.
Temperature in stratosphere rises with increasing altitude.
The characteristic of a green house body is that it allows the long wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in but does not allow the short wavelength infra red radiation to escape out of the earth’s atmosphere.

A

The characteristic of a green house body is that it allows the long wavelength incoming solar radiation to come in but does not allow the short wavelength infra red radiation to escape out of the earth’s atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases can absorb and emit radiation of all wavelengths.

71
Q

Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN), a pollutant is found in the
automobile exhaust.
flue gas of coal based power plant.
exhaust of nitric acid plant.
exhaust of sulphuric acid plant.

A

automobile exhaust.

72
Q

Foaming and priming in boiler operation can be reduced by reduction in __________ in feed water.
turbidity
color (Hazen)
total solids
all (a), (b) & (c)

A

all (a), (b) & (c)

73
Q

Ambient noise level can be reduced by __________ decibels by planting trees (like coconut, neem etc.) near public utility buildings (like hospitals & schools).
1-2
5-10
15-20
25-30

A

5-10

74
Q

Pick out the wrong statement.
Catalytic converter is fitted in automobiles to reduce carbon monoxide concentration in exhaust emissions.
Inhalation of pollutant carbon monoxide results in death by asphyxiation.
Sulphur dioxide is the main pollutant emitted from the exhaust of petrol driven automobiles.
Decomposition of plants containing chlorophyll is a natural source of carbon monoxide in atmosphere.

A

Sulphur dioxide is the main pollutant emitted from the exhaust of petrol driven automobiles.

75
Q

Which of the following radioactive wastes emits all α, β & γ rays and hence is the most hazardous of all radioactive emitters?
I-131
Sr-90
Au-198
Ra-226

A

Ra-226

76
Q

COD of raw municipal sewage may be in the range of about __________ mg/litre.
1-2
5-10
90-120
1500-2500

A

90-120

77
Q

Maximum permissible turbidity in potable water is __________ ppm.
1
10
250
1000

A

10

78
Q

Presence of __________ hardness is responsible for the temporary hardness in water.
carbonate
calcium
choride
sulphate

A

calcium

79
Q

Dose of chlorine for disinfection of water is about __________ mg/litre of water.
0.01
0.1
0.3
1

A

1

80
Q

A shallow pond in which the sewage is retained and biologically treated is called
oxidation
Imhoff tank
lagoon
skimming tank

A

oxidation

81
Q

Which is the most practical and economical method for removal of suspended solid matter from polluted water ?
Sedimentation
Skimming off
Chlorination
Biological oxidation

A

Sedimentation

82
Q

Atmospheric pollution caused by the exhaust gas of supresonic transport air-crafts is mostly in the atmospheric region called
thermosphere
stratosphere
troposphere
mesosphere

A

stratosphere

83
Q

Iron & manganese present in the polluted water is removed by
simple filtration.
oxidation followed by settling & filtration.
chemical coagulation.
chlorination only.

A

oxidation followed by settling & filtration.

84
Q

Water effluent generated in printing industry is decolourised by
ion exchange technique.
reverse osmosis.
electrolytic decomposition.
adsorption.

A

electrolytic decomposition.

85
Q

Thermal pollution of water increases its toxicity and oxidation of oxygen demanding waste besides favouring bacterial growth. A rise in water temperature by 10°C, doubles the toxic effects of __________ present in it.
coal ash
potassium cyanide
ortho-xylene
none of these

A

potassium cyanide

86
Q

_________ can not control the noise pollution.
Use of silencers
Green house gases
Vibration damping
Tree plantation

A

Green house gases

87
Q

Ozone level is generally found to be depleted in India in the month of
February
July
April
December

A

December

88
Q

Noise level during normal conversation among men is about __________ decibles.
10
45
90
115

A

45

89
Q

‘Particulate’ air pollutants are finely divided solids and liquids. Which of the following is not a ‘particulate’ ?
Dust & mists
Smoke & fumes
Photochemical smog & soot
None of these

A

None of these

90
Q

Foul odour and bad taste of water is removed by treating with
alum
bleaching powder
activated carbon
copper sulphate.

A

activated carbon

91
Q

Presence of __________ in water stream are deleterious to aquatic life.
soluble and toxic organics.
suspended solids.
heavy metals and cynides.
all (a), (b) & (c).

A

all (a), (b) & (c).

92
Q

Acute danger to human life (i.e. death) exists, if the concentration of CO2 in atmospheric air exceeds __________ percent (by volume).
1
3
7
20

A

20

93
Q

Methyl iso-cynate (MIC) gas (TLV <1 ppm), which caused Bhopal gas tragedy in 1984 falls under the category of __________ toxic gas.
moderately
highly
extremely
very extremely

A

very extremely

94
Q

Noise level heard inside a bus in busy city traffic or inside a sub-way train corresponds to about __________ decibels.
75
95
120
140

A

95

95
Q

Presence of volatile compounds like gasoline, oil, alcohol, ether etc. in municipal sewers may cause
explosion
non biodegradable foam
undesirable plant growth
corrosion

A

explosion

96
Q

Noise produced by cooling fans (employed in air cooled heat exchangers or cooling tower) is mainly caused due to the turbulence created by blade passage through air. It can be reduced by use of a slower fan
with greater number of blades.
of increased diameter.
both (a) & (b).
neither (a) nor (b).

A

both (a) & (b).

97
Q

Presence of soluble organics in polluted water causes
undesirable plants growth.
depletion of oxygen.
fire hazards.
explosion hazards.

A

depletion of oxygen.

98
Q

Which of the following pollutants, if present in atmosphere is detectable by its odour ?
CO
SO2
NO2
CO2

A

SO2

99
Q
A

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