Masonry

Question 1

earliest use of masonry?

Answer 1

2600 BC pyramid. stones with limestone concrete.

pyramid of cheops used gypsum mortar 3000 BC

Question 2

Citadel arge bam

Answer 2

largest adobe building
non baked clay bricks
6 meter high walls

Question 3

what type of walls/arches did the romans have

Answer 3

refined arch, vault, dome contruction. using concrete, treacotta, cut stone massonry

Question 4

renaissance type?

Answer 4

barrel vaults supported on thick columns

Question 5

gothic type?

Answer 5

12-16th century -pointed arch, minimised outward thrust

Question 6

early mortar ingredients?

Answer 6

mud, then tar, with lim, sand, eggwhites, clays, urine, oxblood, two cups of sugar, one cup of flour, place in oven at 200 c for 30 mins, serve and enjoy

Question 7

minimum mortar strength?

Answer 7

12.5 Mpa

Question 8

minimum bond strength

Answer 8

200 Pka

Question 9

proportuions of lime, cement and sand at different locations?

Answer 9

cement:lime:sand
exposed 1:0:3
inland 1:0.5:4
interior 1:1:5

Question 10

compressive strength of grout

Answer 10

17Mpa

Question 11

strength of masonry unit

Answer 11

12Mpa

Question 12

three functions of shear walls

Answer 12

resist vertical compression
resist bending from eccentric vertical loading or winds
resist in plane shear from lateral loads applied to building system