Marxists

Question 1

What did Althusser say about the ideological state apparatus?

Answer 1

Controlled masses by altering the way they thought about society through social institutions such as education.

Question 2

What is the repressive state apparatus?

Answer 2

Controlled the masses through force done by police, armed forces and legal system.

Question 3

What was the main purpose of the ISA?

Answer 3

Make sure masses were indoctrinated by r/c ideologies

Question 4

What happened when people rejected the ideology of the r/c?

Answer 4

Renders the ISA ineffective so social control and order must be established through the repressive state apparatus.

Question 5

What is an example of use of repressive state apparatus?

Answer 5

US police responses to #BLM - rubber bullets, pepper spray, imprisonment.

Question 6

Evaluate Althusser’s view:

Answer 6

• Theoretical, not based on actual data
• People can reject ideology of R/C without resorting to actions that require the RSA.
• Democratic principles in UK require state to obtain the consent of masses in order to govern.

Question 7

What do Marxists say about crime in society?

Answer 7

Capitalism is responsible - it creates false needs whilst simultaneously denying people the means to achieve these

Question 8

What does Bogner say about society?

Answer 8

Society is criminogenic - designed to promote crime.

Question 9

How does capitalism promote crime?

Answer 9

Advertisers goods and services + keeps wages low to maximise profit = people turn to crime to meet these needs.

Question 10

What does Chambliss (MARXIST) say?

Answer 10

Crime is universal throughout the class system due to individualistic nature of capitalism.

W/C criminals have limited means to commit crime so gravitate towards violent acts.

R/C has unlimited means so can commit more subtle forms of crime - corporate crime.

Question 11

What did Gordan (Marxist) say?

Answer 11

Capitalism is a dog-eat-dog society and competition leads to criminal activities - crime is a way of getting ahead of others.

Question 12

What did Snider (MARXIST) say?

Answer 12

Capitalism encourages corporate crime - firms will break the law to get higher profits.

Question 13

Evaluate criminogenic capitalism:

Answer 13

Doesn’t explain why w/c criminals do not target higher social classes for criminal activity

doesn’t explain why some w/c people do not turn to crime despite precarious financial situations.

Question 16

What is selective law enforcement?

Answer 16

Focus on the crimes of the w/c which leads to more arrests of petty crimes than white collar crimes.

perception that street crime is more harmful so enforcement agencies act upon it

Question 17

What does Snider say about the cost of crimes?

Answer 17

Corporate and white collar crime cost society more than street crime.

Individuals involved in white collar crime are rarely prosecuted

Question 18

What does Gordon say about the ideological function of law enforcement?

Answer 18

prosecutions of corporate crimes suggest that the criminal justice system is fair

Question 19

How does law enforcement provide and ideological function for the rc?

Answer 19

by portraying WC as deviant and criminal, enables them to publish laws that punish those who deviate from the norms and values of society

Question 20

Evaluate the selective law enforcement theory:

Answer 20

Increased policing of wc minority ethnic areas leads to over representation of wc and black criminality

complex nature of white collar or corporate crimes means they will often go unnoticed

Question 21

What did Chambliss say about law creation?

Answer 21

The main purpose of the law was to protect the property of the RC from falling into the hands of the WC.

Question 22

How does the creation of laws perform a RC ideology?

Answer 22

criminalises activities of the working class which benefits RC - protect their property

theft, trespass and copyright laws protect the interests of RC

Question 23

What does Snider say about gov law creation?

Answer 23

Governments are reluctant to pass laws that interfere with running of businesses - they need businesses to employ people.

Question 24

Evaluate the marxist view on law creation:

Answer 24

Laws are created for the harmonious running of society - FUNCTIONALISM

Laws protect us from violence, theft and fraudulent activities

Consumer rights and legislations protect the consumers