marxism Flashcards
where was critical theory born
1923 in th frankfurt school
what is critical theory?
critical theory seeks to crticise and change social scructures
if we understand systems of domination and subordination then we can change thm
by doing so it looks into the social structures that we take for granted and asses its history and context to create a contingent to change it
what 3 things dos critical theory do?
1) hisorises the strucutre
2) conceptialises the time and space contxt of the strucutre to come up with a way to remove it
3) created a contigent world order
how does marx believe change will occur?
- belives that indivdual people rather than state actors are the agents for change
- a ruthless crticism of all that exists is needed
what is historical materliasm
economic evolutions has shapes the evolution of society and vice vesa
not neccecarily anti capitalist as marx identiies it is a needed step in evolution but known that what comes next will be better
what is dialectical materialism
- dialectical synthesis has theroised by hagel is the engine of history which allowed economic systems to develop
what is the rise of capitalism
- the rise of exploitation which leads to aleintation of humans from prductio of labur as wella s the species itself)
- the emergece of wage labour
- the emgerge of end of rent in kind labout
what is the main consequence of capitalism
reinification: extreme human alientation in which all aspects of human activity are objects for other aspects of human activity. making humans objects rather than subjects
why do some classes resist liberation?
- became class is a fulit and contexual (time and space) idenity it ish shaped by many outsdie phsycial, material and social factors
- as insitutions and the hegnomoy of the upper classes have alwasy dominated the working classes this puts a constraint on their agency as it creates a false concousness
classical defintion of capital
something used in the production process
something that was itself made
something that is not axauhest after a prduct is made (factories or machinery)
fictive capital
a new way of thinking of capital
capitalisation of owned property,
capitalisation of the stock market
decoupling material vlaue from material wealth
what us symbolic violence
the normalisation and natrualisation of one classes interst over another
neo-gransican hegemony
the idea that hegemony can be transnational
ex. the washington consensus
2 ways to create a counter hegemony:
- war of positions: through progragand increase the number of political actors who pposed the hengomic disocunce
- war or movement: use violence or force to overthrow
wallerstein’s world system theory
there are perficial countries and core countries, teh core counries exploit and tuse the perifiery and semi perfieiry countreis for things such as prduction, ,raw materials ect