marxism

Question 1

where was critical theory born

Answer 1

1923 in th frankfurt school

Question 2

what is critical theory?

Answer 2

critical theory seeks to crticise and change social scructures

if we understand systems of domination and subordination then we can change thm

by doing so it looks into the social structures that we take for granted and asses its history and context to create a contingent to change it

Question 3

what 3 things dos critical theory do?

Answer 3

1) hisorises the strucutre
2) conceptialises the time and space contxt of the strucutre to come up with a way to remove it
3) created a contigent world order

Question 4

how does marx believe change will occur?

Answer 4

• belives that indivdual people rather than state actors are the agents for change
• a ruthless crticism of all that exists is needed

Question 5

what is historical materliasm

Answer 5

economic evolutions has shapes the evolution of society and vice vesa

not neccecarily anti capitalist as marx identiies it is a needed step in evolution but known that what comes next will be better

Question 6

what is dialectical materialism

Answer 6

• dialectical synthesis has theroised by hagel is the engine of history which allowed economic systems to develop

Question 7

what is the rise of capitalism

Answer 7

• the rise of exploitation which leads to aleintation of humans from prductio of labur as wella s the species itself)
• the emergece of wage labour
• the emgerge of end of rent in kind labout

Question 8

what is the main consequence of capitalism

Answer 8

reinification: extreme human alientation in which all aspects of human activity are objects for other aspects of human activity. making humans objects rather than subjects

Question 9

why do some classes resist liberation?

Answer 9

• became class is a fulit and contexual (time and space) idenity it ish shaped by many outsdie phsycial, material and social factors
• as insitutions and the hegnomoy of the upper classes have alwasy dominated the working classes this puts a constraint on their agency as it creates a false concousness

Question 10

classical defintion of capital

Answer 10

something used in the production process
something that was itself made
something that is not axauhest after a prduct is made (factories or machinery)

Question 11

fictive capital

Answer 11

a new way of thinking of capital
capitalisation of owned property,
capitalisation of the stock market
decoupling material vlaue from material wealth

Question 12

what us symbolic violence

Answer 12

the normalisation and natrualisation of one classes interst over another

Question 13

neo-gransican hegemony

Answer 13

the idea that hegemony can be transnational
ex. the washington consensus

Question 14

2 ways to create a counter hegemony:

Answer 14

• war of positions: through progragand increase the number of political actors who pposed the hengomic disocunce
• war or movement: use violence or force to overthrow

Question 15

wallerstein’s world system theory

Answer 15

there are perficial countries and core countries, teh core counries exploit and tuse the perifiery and semi perfieiry countreis for things such as prduction, ,raw materials ect