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BVB212 > Martins Section > Flashcards

Martins Section Flashcards

1
Q

What is a drug?

A

an substance capable of causing a biological effect

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2
Q

What are the targets for drug action

A

Receptors, Enzymes, Ion Channels, Carriers and Others

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3
Q

What is a receptor?

A

an organ or cell able to respond to stimuli and transmit signal

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4
Q

B1 receptors

A

are found in cardiac tissue

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5
Q

B2 Receptors

A

lungs

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6
Q

What is an agonist?

A

It is a drug that is capable of binding to, and activating, a receptor

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7
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

They block the action of an agonist getting to the receptor

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8
Q

How can drugs be classified?

A
  • By their Name
  • By their Action
  • By their legal classification
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9
Q

What is potency?

A

amount of drug needed for the same effect.

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10
Q

intrinsic activity

A

the maximum response a drug can cause, max effect = 1

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11
Q

What is a partial agonist?

A

A drug that binds to its receptor but produces a smaller effect at full dosage than a full agonist

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12
Q

what are competitive antagonists?

A

antagonists that compete with the agonist ligand for the reversible binding to a receptor

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13
Q

What is an inverse agonist?

A

Agonist that binds to the same site as an agonist however produces an opposite response

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14
Q

What is desensitization?

A

decreased ability of a receptor to respond to stimulation by a drug or ligand (takes seconds to minutes) short term

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15
Q

What is down-regulation?

A

target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels

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16
Q

What is resensitization?

A

when the receptors return to allow interaction.

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17
Q

What is the latent period?

A

Time elapsed before a drug is seen to work

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18
Q

What are the different routes of administration?

A

Local/Topical, Oral, Parenteral routes

19
Q

What affects drug absorption?

A

route of administration, Drug formation, Chemistry of the drug

20
Q

Factors that affect drug distribution

A

Blood flow, Barriers, Protein binding, Fat solubility

21
Q

How can a drug be deposited?

A

In the Receptors, Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion, Tissue reservoirs

22
Q

Examples of Opioids

A

Morphine, oxycontin, Heroin

23
Q

Examples of CNS depressants

A

ethanol, ketamines

24
Q

examples of stimulants

A

nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy

25
Q

What can drug abuse lead to

A

to tolerance, dependence and withdrawal symptoms.

26
Q

What is Homeopathy

A

the treatment of disease by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would produce symptoms of disease. Water has a memory

27
Q

What is tryptophan?

A

is used to treat animals such as horses, calms them down, however the effective dosage isnt known

28
Q

What are herbal treatments

A

they are a various of natural compounds that are used to treat disease and other health issues, various sources reference different dosages.

29
Q

What is thalidomide?

A

A drug used for morning sickness in the 70s for women, however had a horrible affect on the babies causing birth defects.

30
Q

What is Venom

A

a toxic substance produced by some animals

31
Q

What is a toxin

A

are substances produced by biological sources, not injected

32
Q

where is venom produced from

A

a specialised gland,

33
Q

Which species causes marine envenomation

A

cnidaria, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata

34
Q

Cnidarians don’t have a…

A

centraliser venom gland, have a nematocysts

35
Q

What is efficacy?

A

maximal effect a drug can produce.

36
Q

Types of Cnidarians

A

Anemone, Jelly Fish

37
Q

Jelly fish potential toxins

A

Vasoactive amines, elastase, hemagglutinin, protease, palytoxin

38
Q

Used by Cone snails to inject venom

A

‘Harpoon’, venom has 100s of peptides

39
Q

Two types of evoked venoms

A

Defence-evoked and predation-evoked.

40
Q

Toxin of blue ringed jellyfish

A

Tetrodotoxin, inhibits sodium channels during depolarization.

41
Q

Stonefish venom contains

A

potent neurotoxins

42
Q

What is ziconotide?

A

an atypical analgesic agent

43
Q

where did ziconotide come from

A

conus magus, a cone snail

BVB212 (5 decks)

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