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Theology > Martin Luther Quiz > Flashcards

Martin Luther Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What is caused by the fall of the Roman Empire?

A

The rise of monasticism- reverting to the simplicity of the Gospel

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2
Q

What were the institutional practices that were reformed under Pope Gregory VII?

A

Lay investiture, benefice (salaries for priests), papal election, celibacy, simony, and clerical immorality

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3
Q

What were the goals of John Wycliff?

A

John Wycliff wanted to reform the sacramental system and allow people to be able to read the scriptures.

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4
Q

What were the goals of Jan Hus?

A

Jan Hus was against simony and clerical immorality.

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5
Q

What was going on at the time of Luther?

A
  • The plague caused people to question faith and fear death.
  • The Roman Catholic Church was the dominant political power at the time.
  • The Catholic Church was building St. Peter’s Basilica.
  • Scholastic theology = much of theology had gotten away from the great questions of human existence and entered into the local puzzles with no particular impact on people’s lives
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6
Q

What concept did Luther pioneer?

A

Sola Scriptura

-that the Bible is the only source/authority for theology

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7
Q

What does Luther use Scripture to argue for?

A

Sola Fide

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8
Q

What does Sola Fide mean?

A

That we are justified (made right with God) by faith alone (not works righteously)

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9
Q

What profession did Luther’s father want him to be?

A

A Lawyer

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10
Q

What were the two pivotal and formative events othat changed the trajectory of Luther’s life?

A
  • The Plague entered Ehrfort and three of his close friends died. Luther realized the mortality of human life.
  • On a trip back to Ehrfort in 1505, he was nearly struck by lightning while on horseback and this led to his decision to become an Augustinian monk.
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11
Q

What was Luther’s life in the monastery like?

A

The monks wore simple robes, had their air shaved off, and rejected the needs of the flesh such as food, sex, and other comforts of life.

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12
Q

With what work does Luther spark the Protestant Reformation?

A

The 95 Theses

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13
Q

What conclusion did Luther come to regarding the efficacy of all his ascetically works?

A
  • He realized that he will never achieve salvation by his work.
  • In addition, he said that the works would have eventually killed him and led to his bad health.
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14
Q

What does the Great Western Schism lead to?

A

The Council of Constance

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15
Q

What language was the 95 thesis written in and why?

A

It was written in Latin because it was a very technical and important argument meant for the educated officials of the church.

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16
Q

What was the Roman Catholic Church/Papacy like at the time?

A

The Roman Catholic Church/Papacy becoming increasingly wealthy and was very pampered.

17
Q

What was Luther’s experience while in Rome?

A

Luther discovered cynicism in Rome, as he did in religious practices. He received an indulgence for visiting the remains of numerous Christian Martyrs. Luther began to question his faith.

18
Q

What conclusion did Luther come to regarding the expression of Christianity in Rome?

A

Luther realized the differences of the expression of Christianity in Rome compared to his hometown. He saw how impersonal it was and the importance of money. Therefore, Luther began to question his faith.

19
Q

What was Luther’s religious life like after he returned from Rome?

A

He repeatedly confessed his sins and did a great deal of penance. However, he did not feel that confessions truly absolved him.

20
Q

What was Luther’s experience at Wittenburg?

A

Luther was made the Bible teacher at the new University of Wittenberg. He begins to study the Bible a great amount.

21
Q

What was Luther’s great insight about salvation during his time at the University of Wittenberg?

A

Luther realized that salvation is a gift from God that humans receive. He begins to believe that salvation is only between the individual and God. Therefore, he finds the Church’s rituals are useless.

22
Q

What was the indulgence crisis at the time of Pope Leo?

A

Pope Leo used the selling of indulgences to raise money. These indulgences forgives a great amount of sins and people can buy them for their dead relatives as well.

23
Q

What was Luther’s response to the indulgence crisis?

A

The 95 Theses

24
Q

What technological invention helped to disseminate and popularize Luther’s writings?

A

The printing press

25
Q

What did Luther produce while being investigated by church authorities for his views?

A

Three famous treatises known as the “Reformation Treatises.”

26
Q

What language were the Reformation Treatises written in and why?

A
  • German, the vernacular

- This was because these writings were supposed to be consumed and understood by the public.

27
Q

What were the names of the three Reformation Treatises?

A
  1. An Address to the Nobility of the German Nation
  2. The Babylonian Captivity of the Church
  3. The Freedom of a Christian
28
Q

What was the thesis of An Address to the Nobility of the German Nation?

A

It encouraged lay catholic nobility to reform Christendom (the Church and the State).

29
Q

What was the thesis of The Babylonian Captivity of the Church?

A
  • Luther argued that there are only two sacraments in Scripture: Baptism and the Lord’s Supper.
  • Sacraments must be commanded by Christ or a visible sign and have a promise.
  • Also, Penance would retain its purified form, but not as a sacrament because it lack a visible sign appointed by God.
  • He rejects absolution.
  • Finally, he rejects the authority of the Church to institute new means of grace or new promises of mercy
30
Q

What is the meaning behind the name of The Babylonian Captivity of the Church?

A
  • It is a reference to the 6th c BC Nebuchadnezzar’s conquest of Jerusalem and the deportation of the vast majority of present-day Israel to Mesopotamia told in the book of Isaiah.
  • Luther thinks that much of the same thing is happening in his own day- we are exiled from our rightful place and someone has to rescue bus from this captivity
  • The captivity is the dominance of the clergy and their control over people’s lives.
31
Q

What is the thesis of the Freedom of a Christian?

A
  • Faith is solely between an ordinary Christian individual and God.
  • One’s relationship with God is unmediated.
  • One does not have to follow the laws of the Church in order to achieve salvation.
  • “The Christian is perfectly free, lord of all, subject to none; The Christian is perfectly dutiful servant of all, subject to all.”
  • Humans have a two fold nature: spiritual and bodily
  • The freedom aspect corresponds to the spiritual nature of the person, where faith is located
  • the dutiful aspect corresponds to the bodily nature of the person, as we are all still living in the concrete world (what we do doesn’t really matter)
32
Q

What was produced by the Counter-Reformation?

A
  • St. Ignatius of Loyola established the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)
  • The Council of Trent - the official church response:
  • pastoral reforms: clerical education, curbed ministerial abuses of clergy
  • retrenched in their dogmatic formulations: affirmed transubstantiation, more papal authority, rigid uniformity in church practice, especially the liturgy
  • Tridentine Mass- how Roman Catholic Church practices for the next 400-500 years
  • The response to Trent was mixed
33
Q

What did Vatican I do?

A

It articulated the primacy and the infallibility of the Bishop of Rome.

34
Q

What did the Peace of Augsburg do?

A

It allowed Catholics and Protestants to live side by side. You worked for a Lord that had the same religion as you.

35
Q

What did the French Revolution bring about within the Church?

A

It brought about assertions of the separation of church and state.

36
Q

What did the Enlightenment bring about within the Church?

A
  • It brought about assertions of autonomy of human reason.

- Faith VS Reason

37
Q

What three specific points did the Babylonian Captivity of the Church make?

A
  1. Withholding the cup from the laity -> “bread and wine”
  2. The Doctrine of Transubstantiation -> believes it is the body and blood because Jesus says so, but he does not understand the doctrine
  3. Mass as a “work”/sacrifice of the mass -> word alone gives the power, no sacrifice
    - Overall, Scripture says it all. You must hear and understand the word
38
Q

What is simony?

A

The practice of paying for sacraments

Theology (3 decks)

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