Marriage, Philip and foreign relations

Question 1

What were Mary’s options for marriage?

Answer 1

• The Earl of Devon, Edward Courtenay - supported by Gardiner.
• Philip of Spain - supported by Paget.

Question 2

What did the H o C do in response to Mary’s intention to marry Philip?

Answer 2

Created a petition against it, which Mary ignored.

Question 3

What did the Marriage Treaty of 1554 do?

Answer 3

Limited Philip’s power:
-Philip II could not have a claim to the English throne if Mary died without heirs.
-Any heir born would inherit England and the Netherlands, but not Spain.
-Philip would have no regal power in England.
-No foreign appointments were to be made to the Privy Council.
-England would not be involved in, or pay towards the cost of any of Philip’s wars.

Question 4

What did Parliament also do in 1554?

Answer 4

Rejected a proposed law that would have included him alongside Mary with regards to treason.

Question 5

What did Parliament do in 1555?

Answer 5

Prevented Philip’s coronation as king.

Question 6

What did France and Spain sign in February 1556?

Answer 6

The Treaty of Vaucelles - 5 year peace.

Question 7

What did Philip convince Mary to do in 1557?

Answer 7

Support Spain in the war against France.

Question 8

Who did England face in war in 1557?

Answer 8

France and Scotland, who had renewed the Auld Alliance.

Question 9

Who did England defeat in 1557?

Answer 9

• Scotland.

-England’s 5000 men joined Philip’s 70,000 men and captured St Quentin and defeated France.

Question 10

What happened in France’s surprise attack of January 1558?

Answer 10

France’s 30,000 men defeated the English garrison at Calais and England was forced to surrender.
The loss of Calais was seen as a national disaster as it had been held for over 200 years.