MARKERS

Question 1

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS (5)

Answer 1

• KERATIN
• EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (EMA)
• CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA)
• THYROID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR-1 (TTF-1)
• PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN

Question 2

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

____: highly sensitive marker for epithelial cells

1. epithelial tumors (1)
2. non epithelial tumors (2)
3. positive for lung, breast, uterus, ovaries carcinomas
4. positive for colon & stomach carcinomas
5. bladder transitional cell carcinomas and mucinous
   ovarian tumors

Answer 2

KERATIN

1. carcinoma
2. mesotheliomas; non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
3. cytokeratin 7
4. cytokeratin 20
5. positive for both ck7 & ck20

Question 3

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

____: high molecular weight protein that aids in determining the site of the tumor

1. positive in ______ of breast, lung, and kidneys
2. negative in _____ & other tumors
3. non reactive in _____ (3)

Answer 3

EMA (epithelial membrane antigen)

1. adenocarcinomas
2. non-epithelial tumors
3. • hepatocellular
   • adrenal
   • embryonal carcinomas

Question 4

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

____: oncofetal antigen

1. differentiates ______ from ______
2. non reactive in (3)

Answer 4

CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)

1. adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma
2. • prostate
   • thyroid
   • renal carcinoma

Question 5

EPITHELIAL TUMOR MARKERS

____: positive in thyroid, lung and neuroendocrine tumors
1. distinguishes ____ from ____

____: positive in certain pancreatic and salivary gland tumors
1. extremely useful in diagnosis of _______

Answer 5

TTF-1 (thyroid transcription factor-1)
1. lung adenocarcinoma from mesothelioma

PSA (prostate specific antigen)
1. prostatic adenocarcinoma

Question 6

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

______: contractile intermediate filament protein
1. sensitive marker for _____
2. identify tumors derived from ____ (3) muscles

_____: always positive in melanomas & Schwanommas
1. ___ intermediate filament in normal mesenchymal cells and their neoplastic
counterparts

Answer 6

ACTIN
1. muscle differentiation
2. smooth, skeletal & cardiac muscle

VIMENTIN
1. 57 kD intermediate filament

Question 7

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

______: highly specific for myogenic tumors

1. including ______ (smooth muscle) & ______ (skeletal muscle)
2. _____ intermediate filament in smooth and striated muscles

Answer 7

Desmin

1. leiomyoma (smooth) &
   rhabdomyosarcoma (skeletal)
2. 53 kD intermediate filament

Question 8

INTERMEDIATE FILAMENT MARKERS

______: used to confirm astrocytoma diagnosis

1. ____ intermediate filament protein expressed by CNS glial cells, particularly astrocytes

____: expressed by cells of neural origin, particularly neurons, neuronal processes, peripheral
nerves, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla and neuroendocrine cells

_____: low molecular weight calcium-binding protein

Answer 8

GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)

1. 51kD

NF (neurofilament)
S-100 protein

Question 9

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS (3)

Answer 9

NEURON-SPECIFIC ENOLASE
CHROMOGRANIN
SYNAPTOPHYSIN

Question 10

NEUROENDOCRINE MARKERS

1. isoenzyme marker that provides a strong evidence of neural/neuroendocrine differentiation
2. identified in normal neurons & neuroendocrine cells
   - ________ associated with presynaptic vesicles of neurons
3. found in neural secretory granules of endocrine tissues
   - marker for
   - (+) chromogranin, (+) keratin:
   - (+) chromogranin, (-) keratin:

Answer 10

1. NSE (neuron-specific enolase)
2. Synaptophysin
   - 38 kD transmembrane protein
3. Chromogranin
   - neuroendocrine differentiation
   - neuroendocrine carcinoma
   - paraganglioma