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Question 1

HEMATOXYLIN

1. from the heartwood of a Mexican tree; ________
2. prep: first dissolved in ____ w/ gentle heat
3. ripening: oxidation of hematoxylin to produce ______ (active coloring agent)
   - exposure to light & air - (longer process）
   - addition of strong oxidizing agent - (accelerated process
4. “lake” resultant complex of

Answer 1

1. Hematoxylin campechianum
2. alcohol
3. hematein
   - natural ripening
   - artificial ripening
4. stain - mordant - tissue reaction

Question 2

RIPENING AGENTS: Aluminum hematoxylin
1. Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin
2. Harris’ Hematoxylin
3. Cole’s Hematoxylin
4. Mayer’s Hematoxylin

Answer 2

1. Sodium iodate
2. Mercuric chloride
3. Alcoholic iodine
4. Sodium iodate

Question 3

RIPENING AGENTS: Iron hematoxylin
1. Weigert’s Hematoxylin
2. Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

Others
3. Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)

Answer 3

1. Ferric chloride
2. Ferric ammonium Sulfate (oxidant-mordant)
3. Potassium permanganate

Question 4

ALUMINUM HEMATOXYLIN Solutions:

1. Suitable for tissue that have become acidic (acid decalcification)
   - acts as stabilizer
2. Used in routine nuclear staining; Exfoliative cytology and staining of sex chromosomes
3. Used in sequence with celestine blue
4. Nuclear counterstain to demonstrate cytoplasmic glycogen
   - add as preservative

Answer 4

1. Ehrlich’s Hematoxylin
   - Glycerin
2. Harris’ Hematoxylin
3. Cole’s Hematoxylin
4. Mayer’s Hematoxylin
   - Chloral hydrate

Question 5

IRON HEMATOXYLIN Solutions:

1. Standard iron hematoxylin in demonstrating muscle fibers & CT
2. Regressive staining; Nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions

OTHERS
1. For paraffin, celloidin and frozen sections
- acts as mordant
2. demonstration of spermatogenesis

added to hematoxylin to be more for nuclear staining

Answer 5

IRON HEMATOXYLIN Solutions:

1. Weigert’s Hematoxylin
2. Heidenhain’s Hematoxylin

OTHERS
1. Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin (PTAH)
- 1% Aqueous phosphotungstic acid
2. Copper Hematoxylin

4% Glacial Acetic Acid

Question 6

_______: vegetable dye from lichens

1. treated with _____ and exposed to air to produce _______
2. soluble in ____
3. stains ______
4. used in ________
5. example (1)

Answer 6

Orcein

1. ammonia; blue or violet colors
2. alkali
3. elastic fibers
4. dermatological studies
5. Unna Taenzer Orcein stain

Question 7

Cochineal dyes

1. extracted from female cochineal bug (______)
2. treated w/ _____ to produce ______

carmine solutions:
3. for neuropathological studies
- combination of
4. stain for glycogen
- combination of
- active staining ingredient
5. stain for nuclei
- combination of
6. stain for acid mucopolysaccharides
- combination of

Answer 7

1. Coccus cacti
2. ALUM, CARMINE

carmine solutions:
3. Picrocarmine
- Carmine + Picric acid
4. Best Carmine/Aluminum Cl carmine
- Carmine + Aluminum chloride
- 56% carminic acid
5. Carmalum
- carminic acid + potassium alum
6. Mucicarmine mucopolysaccharides
- carmine + aluminum hydroxide

Question 8

Saffron

1. Dried stigmata of
2. Saffron is _____; Safranin is ______
3. Too long immersion of tissues in saffron may remove much of the
4. Mountant of choice:

Answer 8

1. Crocus sativus
2. NATURAL DYE; ARTIFICIAL DYE
3. PHLOXINE
4. PERMOUNT

Question 9

SYNTHETIC DYES

1. aka _____ & ______
2. substance capable of producing colors (but not permanent)
   - compounds that contain chromophore
3. substance that alters the shade of the dye and promotes color retention
   ——
4. active coloring component is base
   - aka
   - ex
5. active coloring component is acid
   - aka
   - ex
6. composed of both acid and base
   - aka
   - ex

Answer 9

1. COAL TAR DYES & ANILINE DYES
2. CHROMOPHORE
   - CHROMOGEN
3. AUXOCHROME
4. BASIC STAIN
   - CATIONIC DYE
   - MB
5. ACIDIC STAIN
   - ANIONIC DYE
   - PICRIC ACID
6. NEUTRAL STAIN
   - AMPHOTERIC DYE
   - GIEMSA

Question 10

_____: Do not have auxochrome groups but are able to impart color to lipids because they are more soluble in lipids than in the medium used for their preparation

1. usually medium
2. first Sudan dye used; Good for CNS tissues
   - color
3. most sensitive and versatile
   - color
   - greater affinity for _____ & _____
   - does not stain
4. most common; does not color phospholipids
   - color
   - for ________

Answer 10

Lysochrome dyes:

1. 70% alcohol
2. Sudan III
   - LIGHT ORANGE
3. Sudan Black B
   - BLADK
   - NEUTRAL FATS & PHOSPHOLIPIDS
   - crystalline cholesterol
4. Sudan IV (Scharlach R)
   - RED
   - for neutral fats only

Question 11

Non-lysochrome dyes for fats:

1. stains neutral fats and lipofuchsin
   - color
2. for unsaturated fats and fatty acids
   - color
3. Differentiates 2 lipid classes; Used as a preliminary indicator of the type of lipid present in the
   tissue.
   - neutral fats color
   - fatty acids & phospholipids color

Answer 11

1. Oil red O
   - BRILLIANT RED
2. Osmium tetroxide
   - BLACK
3. Nile Blue Sulfate
   - PINKISH RED
   - DEEP BLUE TO VIOLET