Marker Flashcards
Unlike
Comparison marker: what comparison is being made?
Example: Unlike Northern Canada, where the weather is quite cold, the temperature in Florida rarely goes below freezing.
You can’t compare a geographical location (Canada) to the temperature
Comparison Markers
Unlike
When you see corresponding, frequent, independent, rare, recent, seeming, seperate, siginificant, supposed, what’s tested?
Adjective vs. Adverb modifies noun and adjective, seperately.
Examine the meaning to see what it tries to modify?
When you see a split of “which” and “that”…
When I see a split of “which” and “that”, I need to think about whether this’s is essential modifier or nonessential modifier.
I don’t need to think about the noun vs. adverbial issue as both are noun modifiers.
When you see prep phrase?
Prep-phrase: prepoisition + noun
When I see prep phrase, I need to think about whether it’s a noun or adverbial modifier.
The question to ask: What does (this modifier) describe?
Prep phrase with comma (The comma can appearr before the mod, after the mod, or both before and after the mod), it’s an adverbial modifier
When you see -ing and -ed modifiers?
Noun modifiers: -ing and -ed mods that are not set off from the rest of the sentence by commas ⇒ Essential
Adverbial mods: -ing and -ed mods that are set off from the rest of the sentence by commas ⇒ Nonessential
When you see comma prep phrase, a comma -ing, or a comma-ed?
Then I’ve both the adverbial mod and nonessential mod. I can ignore these mods.
When you see “comma which” and “comma -ing” modifiers…
Comma which (also which) is a noun & nonessential modifier ⇒ modifies noun; has to refer a very nearby noun
Comma -ing is an adverbial modifier (nonessential) ⇒ modifies action
When you see which…who…whom…whose
“w” always singal noun modifiers.
who and whom must modify people while whose can modify both people and things.
When you see preposition which / whom (of which, from who)
Check whether it’s correct by inverting the text to create a complete sentence
When you see where vs. in which
where can not modify a metaphorical place such as a condition, situation, case, circumanstance, or arrangement, use in which instead of when
What are open markers?
X and Y
X, Y, and Z
X or Y
X but Y
X rather than Y
What are closed markers?
Both X and Y
Either X or Y
Not X but Y
Not only X but also Y
From X to Y
What are comparison markers?
Like, Unlike
As
Than
As adjective as
Different from / Similar to
In contrast to / with
that of…. / those of…./ X’s
What are common time markers?
When I see time marker, think of verb tense
by…
before…
after…
until…
since…
