marine resources Flashcards
4 ways Marin resources are classified
- Physical resources - Result from deposition, precipitation, or accumulation
- Energy resources - Extraction of energy directly from heat or motion of ocean water
- Biological resources - Animals and plants
- Nonextractive resources - Uses of the ocean in place
example of main physical resources
Petroleum and natural gas
- U.S. consumes over 20% of the global oil supply
- Almost always associated with marine sediments.
- Offshore drilling is expensive.
- Hydraulic “fracking” becoming increasingly common
what is Methane hydrates
- Largest hydrocarbon reservoir on Earth
- Found on continental slopes
- Exploitation costly and dangerous
- Powerful greenhouse gas
Second largest marine resource
Marine sand and gravel
Other Physical Resources
- Deep-sea mining - Rare-earth elements, metals, manganese nodules
- Salts - Seawater evaporated in large salt ponds
- Desalination - Taking salts out of seawater to produce freshwater
Renewable Marine Energy Resources
- Windmills - Fastest growing energy alternative to oil, Winds less gusty over the ocean (good thing), Wind speeds higher
- Waves, currents, tides - Wind waves store wind energy, Currents can rotate turbines, Tidal energy
what’s Maximum sustainable yield
fishing Without impairing future populations
whats overfishing
Too many fish harvested, not enough breeding stock lef
2 examples of botanical resources
- algin - produced from algae
- seaweeds
2 controlled environments
- aquaculture - grow marine organisms
- mariculture - grow marine organisms in the actual ocean within their own env
explain of Nonextractive Resources
Transportation and recreation
Cargo
what are Territorial waters
to 12nm from shore
whats the Exclusive Economic Zone
to 200mn from shore
anything outside this is global commons
Natural pollutants examples
Volcanic eruptions
Pollutants interfere with mechanical or biological
processes in an organism
Quantity
Toxicity
Persistence
most common marine pollutant
sewage
types of oil pollutants
Natural oil seeps
Human-caused oil in the ocean
Crude oil
Refined oil
problems with cleaning oil spills
Methods for cleaning sometimes cause more
damage
- dispersence
in what circumstance can oil dissolve in water
under high pressure e.g. deep sea
examples of Toxic Synthetic Chemicals
- Halogenated hydrocarbons - Chlorine, bromine, iodine
- Biomagnification - Organisms high in the food chain concentrate hazardous chemicals
Other Types of Marine Pollution
Heavy metals (Mercury, lead) - menamarta disease
Eutrophication
