marine Flashcards
Habitat
physical location e.g. ur address
Niche
Occupation within a habitat
3 ranges of tolerance
- zone of intolerance
- optimal range
- zone of physiological stress
3 types of distribution
Random distribution
Clumped distribution - most prevalent
Uniform distribution
What are some typical biological and physical factors that influence the success of organisms within communities
J curve = exponential
biological = temp
physical = competition
succession
orderly changes in species over time
Climax community
long-established, stable community
fundamental niche
theoretical, ideal niche
realised niche
actual niche it occupies
diversity in sand and cobble communities
not very high
diversity in salt marshes + estuaries
great diversity + primary prod
3 types of planktonic communities
- Zooplankton – heterotrophs
- Holoplankton – spend entire lives in the plankton community
- Meroplankton – temporary visitors e.g. urchin larvae
what’s the deep scattering layer
region in ocean’s midwaters where a high density of marine organisms reflect sound waves - creates the appearance of a “false bottom” on sonar readings
where’s the most ocean biomass found
83% is in top 200m
what do hydrothermal vents utilise
hydrogen sulfide
what do cold seeps communities utilise
metabolize methane
how do we have confidence that greenhouse gases are responsible for climate change
1) We develop our climate models such that we can
reproduce past variability to within a certain accuracy
2) Run climate models with components ”switched off” [uncertainty given by ensemble spread] -> shows Can only get recent increase in temperature with human forcing included
what is Arctic amplification a result of
Positive Feedback
- Less ice -> less reflected solar energy -> More energy absorbed at the surface -> More Melting
