marine invasions Flashcards
what are introduced species
spread by human activity, not native to a region
what is rage expansion
when a species spreads to a new location – natural processes
3 ways invasive species can naturally disperse
Water circulation
Attach to flying or swimming organisms
Rafting
why are there Different species in different locations
Natural breaks
Differences in env + biological parameters
Geological events
Changes in ice levels -> changes in sea level
Limited larval dispersal
Larval behaviours
what human overriding Mechanisms cause organisms to become invasive in other areas
Intentional release
Accidental release/escape
Providing a conduit
Intentional release as a biological control agent
what human overriding Vectors cause organisms to become invasive in other areas
Shipping, drilling platforms + dry docks
Movement of live organisms
“Web/internet as a vector”
Additional vectors
explain Shipping, drilling platforms + dry docks as a human overriding vector that causes organisms to become invasive in other areas
- Internally – ballest water
15000 different species transported in ballest water worldwide - Externally – fouling organisms get romoved e.g. barnacles
explain Movement of live organisms as a human overriding vector that causes organisms to become invasive in other areas
Aquaculture
Live seafood industry
Fisheries
Bait
Packing materials
Science + education
what other additional vectors causes organisms to become invasive in other areas
Canals
Plant restoration
Conservation efforts
Scientific research
Educations
Consequences of invasions
- Alteration of structure - Adding structure adds place for further invasions e.g. mangroves in hawaii
Invasive species can destroy structure – loss of habitat - Competition e.g. food, space – can lead to replacing the native species
- Predation on native species – trophic cascades / bottom-up impact
- Reduction in recruitment
- Introduction of pathogens
- Hybridization – native species lose genetic diversity
