marine invasions

Question 1

what are introduced species

Answer 1

spread by human activity, not native to a region

Question 2

what is rage expansion

Answer 2

when a species spreads to a new location – natural processes

Question 3

3 ways invasive species can naturally disperse

Answer 3

Water circulation
Attach to flying or swimming organisms
Rafting

Question 4

why are there Different species in different locations

Answer 4

Natural breaks
Differences in env parameters
Differences in biological parameters
Geological events
Changes in ice levels -> changes in sea level
Limited larval dispersal
Larval behaviours

Question 5

what human overriding Mechanisms cause organisms to become invasive in other areas

Answer 5

Intentional release
Accidental release/escape
Providing a conduit
Intentional release as a biological control agent

Question 6

what human overriding Vectors cause organisms to become invasive in other areas

Answer 6

Shipping, drilling platforms + dry docks
Movement of live organisms
“Web as a vector”
Additional vectors

Question 7

explain Shipping, drilling platforms + dry docks as a human overriding vector that causes organisms to become invasive in other areas

Answer 7

• Internally – ballest water
  15000 different species transported in ballest water worldwide
• Externally – fouling organisms get romoved e.g. barnacles

Question 8

explain Movement of live organisms as a human overriding vector that causes organisms to become invasive in other areas

Answer 8

Aquaculture
Live seafood industry
Fisheries
Bait
Packing materials
Science + education

Question 9

what other additional vectors causes organisms to become invasive in other areas

Answer 9

Canals
Plant restoration
Conservation efforts
Scientific research
Educations

Question 10

Consequences of invasions

Answer 10

• Alteration of structure
  Adding structure adds place for further invasions e.g. mangroves in hawaii
  Invasive species can destroy structure – loss of habitat
• Competition e.g. food, space – can lead to replacing the native species
• Predation on native species – trophic cascades / bottom-up impact
• Reduction in recruitment
• Introduction of pathogens
• Hybridization – native species lose genetic diversity