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KZV Semester 1 > Marine Engineering > Flashcards

Marine Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Continuous crankshaft diagram 4 stroke

A
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2
Q

Crankshaft diagram of 4 stroke

A
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3
Q

2 stroke scavenging

A

2 stroke:
Combustion air must be supplied under pressure

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4
Q

2 stroke crankshaft diagram

A
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5
Q

crosshead vs trunk piston

A
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6
Q

dry vs wet cylinder liner

A
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7
Q

Piston: parts

A
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8
Q

crankshaft to connecting rod to piston

A
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9
Q

crankcase

A
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10
Q

cylinder head

A
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11
Q

in-/outlet valves
(cross section / parts)

A
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12
Q

valve controls

A
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13
Q

valve control with pushrod

A
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14
Q

cam profile: overlap

A
overlap : inlet /exhaust both open at the same time
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15
Q

cam profile plotted horizontally

A
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16
Q

valve clearance

A

too small: thermal overload
too big: mechanical overload

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17
Q

different ways to drive camshaft

A
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18
Q

Mechanical injector:
buildup

A

Injector includes nozzle, which houses the needle

Fuel pressure (150-200 bar) exerted on needle in the high pressure chamber lifts the needle against the spring load

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19
Q

Nozzle types

A
  1. Pintle type nozzle (mostly for indirect injection)
  2. Multi hole nozzle (mostly direct injection)

a very small amount of fuel leaks along the pressure pin (2) to lubricate it.

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20
Q

Different ways of injecting

A
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21
Q

Fuel pumps:
Types

A

Regulation of pressure, amount, timing :

  1. Mechanically
    1.1 Jerk / Reciprocating plunger pump
    1.2 Rotary plunger pump
  2. Electrically
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22
Q

Jerk type fuel pump

A

Amount of fuel is determined by radial position of plunger (helix); the stroke is always constant

If vertical groove is in front of spill port then no pressure buildup

23
Q

Injection
Principles, delays, etc

A

Movement of plunger from lowest position to beginning the delivery stroke is called press delay

Injection timing is determined by position of pump camshaft vs crankshaft. Injection amount is controlled through radial position of the plunger

=> the longer the plunger stroke before the helix opens the spill port, the more fuel is pumped

Although incompressible, it takes the pressure increase (a microsecond) to open the fuel injector: injection delay

The delivery valve in the fuel pump causes the pressure in the fuel line and injector to fall abruptly at the end of each delivery stroke

24
Q

Fuel system
Schematic

A
25
Q

Lubrication:
Functions

A
  1. Lubrication: separating parts to not come into contact for e.g. metal/metal contact. (vgl: Aquaplaning)
  2. Removal of combustion residues
  3. Heat dissipation
26
Q

Bearing types

A
  1. Ball bearing
  2. Roller bearings, 1+x l/d (higher radial load bearing - but worse wit axial axial load bearing and capacity deteriorating if inner/outer races misaligned)
    including
    • spherical roller bearing (stronger axial forces)
    • needle bearings (4x)
27
Q

Good lubrication:
prerequisites

A
  1. sufficient volume of luboil
  2. of correct quality and viscosity
  3. sufficient shaft rotational speed to form the wedge (aquaplaning)
28
Q

Types of water cooling systems

A
  1. Open / Direct cooling water system
  2. Closed cooling water systems
    2.1 Keel or skin cooling
    2.2 Indirect cooling
29
Q

Open / Direct cooling systems:
Disadvantages

A
  1. Cooling water temperature not adjustable
  2. Overboard cooling water not clean
  3. Sediments in the water
  4. Oxygen in cooling water leads to corrosion
30
Q

Closed cooling water systems:
Principles

A
  • Require expansion / header tank
  • more expensive (extra cooling pump, heat exchanger, etc)
  • requires thermostatic valve
31
Q

Ignition delays engine

A
  1. press delay
  2. injection delay
  3. combustion delay
32
Q

What is a governor

A

RPM maintainer, based on centrifugal equilibrium

33
Q

Drive train

A
34
Q

Flexible coupling
Purpose

A

Absorb small movements, vibrations, and misalignments of the engine relative to the propeller shaft

35
Q

Gearbox
Function

A

To couple/uncouple the propeller shaft to/from the engine, reverse the direction of rotation of the propeller shaft, and possibly reduce RPM

36
Q

Thrust bearing
Function

A

Purpose: transfer the propeller thrust to the hull of the ship

Trust bearings of smaller vessels: spherical = tapered bearings

37
Q

Propeller shaft seals:
Purpose and types

A

Purpose: prevent outboard water from entering the ship along the propeller shaft

Types:
1. Stern tube seal (= lip seal)
2. Shaft seal (=mechanical seal)
3. Stuffing box

38
Q

Sterntube seal

A

= lip ring seal

39
Q

Shaft seal

A

= mechanical seal

40
Q

Stuffing box seal

A

packing Glen; Glencore; … under a lantern 😬

41
Q

Pumps:
Categories

A
  1. Impulse Pumps : in-/output openly connected, some kind of circular movement in the pump (high volume; low pressure; no overpressure)
  2. Positive Displacement Pumps: increasing /decreasing the size of a chamber in the pump move the medium (small flows/volumes; high pressure)
42
Q

Pumps:
Types and symbols

A
43
Q

Centrifugal pump
Buildup

A

Discharge pressure limited
Not self priming

44
Q

Pumps
Axial-flow; Side Channel

A
45
Q

Piston Pump

A
46
Q

Diaphragm pump

A
47
Q

Flexible impeller pump

A

Cooling water pump

Not an impulse pp because flexible impellers change chamber size

48
Q

Flexible impeller pump
Operation

A
49
Q

Eccentric worm-driven pump

A

For OWS

50
Q

Valves
Symbols

A
51
Q

Valves
Photos

A
52
Q

OWS

A

With eccentric worm driven pump

53
Q

Rudder forces

A

Rudder force K made up of
Steering force S
Breaking force R

54
Q

Battery safety

A

During chargin/(excessive) discharging: Oxyhydrogen

Regulations:
* no other wiring allowed in battery compartment
* good ventilation
* not excessively hot/cold
* batteries placed on cabinets
* smoking/open fire prohibited
* compartment not in crew accomodation
*

KZV Semester 1 (7 decks)

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