Marine Conservation

Question 1

Pelagic Zone

Answer 1

the water

Question 2

benthic zone

Answer 2

the ocean floor

Question 3

pelagic habitats

Answer 3

open ocean, deep sea, sea ice

Question 4

plankton

Answer 4

float and drift in ocean currents
zooplankton (small animals)
Phytoplankton (algae)

Question 5

Nekton

Answer 5

can actively move in the current
vertebrates (fish, marine mammals)
Invertebrates (squid)

Question 6

Benthos

Answer 6

species ecologically linked to the sea floor
Sometimes attached to the seafloor (coral)
Can be free moving too (crab)

Question 7

Primary productivity

Answer 7

the rate at which primary producers capture and store energy in given interval

Question 8

Gross primary productivity

Answer 8

the total rate of photosynthesis for an ecosystem during specified interval

Question 9

Net Primary Productivity

Answer 9

the rate of energy storage in plant tissues minus metabolic activities that use energy (energy left for higher levels)
Photosynthesis - respiration

Question 10

______ have one of the lowest production rates per square meter

Answer 10

open oceans

Question 11

_______ have one of the highest rates of productivity per square meter

Answer 11

estuaries

Question 12

open oceans cover about____ of the earth’s surface

Answer 12

71%

Question 13

Conservation issues in Marine Ecosystems

Answer 13

pollution
habitat loss
climate change
overharvest

Question 14

Point Source Pollution

Answer 14

specific source identified - sewage major source of point pollution

Question 15

1977 Clean Water Act

Answer 15

many pollutants from point sources have been reduced in US coastal waters
No regulations in many other countries

Question 16

Non-point source pollution

Answer 16

Unregulated runoff from land

fertilizers, gas, oil, antifreeze, pesticides, fossil fuels

Question 17

Results of non-point pollution

Answer 17

eutrophication from fertilizers

Loss of wetlands which filters for pollution

Question 18

How marine debris enters the ocean

Answer 18

illegal dumping or accidental loss
indirectly by way of wind, rivers, streams, and storm drains
80% of debris originates from onshore

Question 19

Plastics

Answer 19

90% marine floating debris
46,000 pieces/sq. mile of ocean
concentrated areas = 1 million/square mile

Question 20

mylar balloon breakdown

Answer 20

centuries

Question 21

plastic bag breakdown

Answer 21

centuries

Question 22

aluminum can breakdown

Answer 22

200-500 years

Question 23

6-pack holder breakdown

Answer 23

400 years

Question 24

fishing gear breakdown

Answer 24

decades to centuries

Question 25

Effect of plastic on wildlife

Answer 25

entanglement, Ingestion