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Ocean Bowl III > Marine Biology > Flashcards

Marine Biology Flashcards

1
Q

The greatest animal diversity is at which latitude?

A

Lower (tropical) latitudes

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2
Q

The greatest diversity of algae is at which latitude?

A

Greater (polar) latitudes

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3
Q

What is the genus of rock louse?

A

Ligia

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4
Q

What is the genus of periwinkle snail?

A

Littorina

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5
Q

What is the genus of limpet?

A

Acmaea

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6
Q

Algae in the genus ______ live in colder climates.

A

Fucus

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7
Q

Algae in the genus ______ live in warmer climates.

A

Pelvita

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8
Q

What are byssus (or byssal) threads?

A

Threads that attach mussels to surfaces

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9
Q

What causes coral bleaching?

A

Stress like temperature change & pollution

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10
Q

What do carnivorous snails and & seastars feed on?

A

Mussels

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11
Q

What is coral bleaching?

A

A reaction to stress in which coral expells symbiotic zooxanthellae

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12
Q

That does HAB stand for?

A

Harmful Algal Bloom

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13
Q

What are shark scales called?

A

Dermal Denticles

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14
Q

What are some uses of bioluminescence?

A
  1. Counterluminescece
  2. Attract prey or mates
  3. Scare preditors
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15
Q

How do some larger organisms bioluminesce?

A
  1. They capture luminescent bacteria in a “light organ” called a photophore
  2. directly produce light with a mitochondrial cell called a photocyte
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16
Q

What percent of bathypelagic (1,000-3,000 m) fish bioluminesce?

A

75%

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17
Q

Name all of the fins on a fish

A

Pectoral, Pelvic, Anal, Caudal, Adipose, Dorsal

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18
Q

Name the structure of the shark that holds a shark’s mate while they do the sexy thing (males only)

A

Claspers

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19
Q

Structure in the shark intestine that increases the surface area

A

Spiral Valve

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20
Q

What is a peduncle?

A

Where a fish’s fin attaches to its body

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21
Q

What so echinoderms use to move?

A

Water Vascular system

22
Q

What do sharks use their oily liver for?

A

Buoyancy control

23
Q

What are the main fish tail fin shapes?

A

Lunate (cruisers), rounded (reef fish), truncate (squared), forked (like a salmon)

24
Q

What are some fish body shapes?

A

Fusiform (tuna), globiform (pufferfish), depressiform, (halibut), Compressiform (angel fish), Filiform (eel)

25
Q

What are the types of fish scales?

A

Ganoid (primitive)
Placoid (teeth like)
Cycloid (thin, round, common)
Ctenoid (cycloid with combs)

26
Q

Name of the zones of a coral reef from the shore to the ocean

A

Reef flat sone (lagoon or back)
Reef crest (algal ridge)
Fore-reef (buttress zone)
Deep fore-reef wall

27
Q

What is the body covering of an Arthropod?

A

Carapace

28
Q

What are swimmerets?

A

Small leggies on shrimp and lobster tails for swimming (believe it or not)

29
Q

What is the madreporite?

A

Where water is pulled in for echinoderms to fuel the water vascular system?

30
Q

What are the pedicellaria?

A

Pinchers on sea star arms to remove algae and keep the gills clean

31
Q

What kinds of reproduction do shark’s display?

A

Internal fertilization with:
Viviparity (live birth with placenta)
Oviparity (eggs)
Ovoviviparity (live birth w/o placenta)

32
Q

What is a whale pump?

A

When a whale brings nitrogen and other nutrients from depths to the surface

33
Q

What are Bryozoans?

A

Groups of individual lophophorates that form sea mats on oceanic surfaces

34
Q

What are the 3 parts of a cephalopod arm?

A

Stalk, manus, dactylus

35
Q

What phylum are barnacles?

A

Arthropoda

36
Q

What phylum are sea squirts (tunicates) and lancelets?

A

Chordata (same as humans)

37
Q

What gives hagfish the nickname slime eel or snot eel?

A

The ability to make ‘bucketloads’ of mucus in seconds

38
Q

Chimeras have an extra set of claspers. Where are they?

A

On their heads

39
Q

What are the 3 main types of spiny rayed fish?

A

Mullets, sand smelt, perches

40
Q

What is the combined pancreas and liver in bony fish called?

A

Hepatopancreas

41
Q

What is the most abundant marine reptile?

A

Sea Snake

42
Q

How many species of truly marine sea turtles are left?

A

8

43
Q

What is unique about dugong bones?

A

They are solid and have no marrow

44
Q

What is one way to determine whale species from the surface?

A

The shape of their spout

45
Q

Which whale species migrates the farthest?

A

Grey

46
Q

Where are most whale feeding grounds?

A

Polar regions

47
Q

Where are most whale breeding grounds?

A

Tropical Regions

48
Q

What percent of bird species are considered seabirds?

A

3%

49
Q

How do albatrosses, shearwaters, and petrels regulate salt?

A

A gland in their nose expels salt

50
Q

What pigment is used to absorb oxygen in deep-sea tube worms?

A

Hemoglobin

Ocean Bowl III (7 decks)

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