Mapwork (Paper 2) Flashcards
What is the word for a map-maker?
Cartographer
How much does latitude and longitude does one topographical map cover?
15 minutes by 15 minutes (640km^2)
How big are the blocks that SA is divided into?
1 degree by 1 degree (with 16 maps in each)
How do you convert DMS to Decimal Degrees?
Leave degrees Add to Minutes divided by 60 Add to Seconds divided by 3600
Definition of magnetic bearing
The angle between magnetic north and a given point
Definition of magnetic declination
The angle of difference between the direction of True North and Magnetic North
What is MD equal to
(annual change x year difference) + total change
What is MB equal to
TB + MD
Where do shadows fall in the morning?
To the SW
Where do shadows fall in the afternoon?
To the SE
Definition of relief
Shape (in terms of height) of the Earth’s surface
Give TWO examples of things which show relief
Spot Heights
Trig Beacons
Definition of Vertical Exaggeration
Amount by which the vertical scale of a cross section is bigger than the horizontal scale
Formula for Vertical Exaggeration
VS/HS
vertical scale over horizontal scale
How is gradient shown?
As a ratio of (Height:Distance)
What is the main geographical factor that will influence land use?
Relief
Where will settlements definitely NOT be found
On steep slopes
Far away from rivers
Definition of aspect
The compass direction that a slope faces
Will crops be grown on the S or N facing crops in the SH?
On the sunnier, north-facing slopes
Does forestry take place on steep slopes or gentle slopes?
Steep slopes
Does crop farming take place on steep slopes or gentle slopes?
Gentle slopes
Which kind of rivers indicate a good water source
Perennial rivers
Which TWO things indicate seasonal rainfall?
Non-perennial rivers
Storage dams
Which two features indicate fire management in mountainous areas?
Jeep Tracks
Firebreaks
Which THREE things indicate lower rainfall in an area?
Irrigation systems
Sparse vegetation
Rock outcrops
What indicates high rainfall in an area?
Forests
What are rural settlements most influenced by?
Drainage
Rivers
What FOUR things is the location of urban settlements influenced by?
Mineral Resources
Transport Routes
Rivers
Poorts in the mountain
Which THREE things indicate crop farming?
Silos
Good irrigation
Near to permanent water sources
What one thing indicates livestock farming?
Wind pumps
Which FIVE things shows a commercial farm on the topographical map?
NAME and NUMBER in centre of grey lines Other buildings Round cultivated fields Water facilities (pumps, canals or furrows) Electricity (Power lines)
Where are subsistence farmers’ settlements most frequently located?
On hilltops
What influences the location of transport routes?
Relief
At what angle to the horizontal is a vertical photograph taken
90 degrees to the horizontal
At what angle is a Low-angle Oblique photograph taken?
30 degrees to the vertical
Name FIVE things associated with a Low-angle Oblique photograph
30 degrees to the vertical
Only small area can be seen Foreground is distorted Heights can be compared Features are recognisable Horizon cannot be seen
Name THREE things associated with a High-angle Oblique photograph
60 degrees to the vertical
Scale is distorted
Large area is in the photograph
Horizon can be seen
At what angle is a High-angle Oblique photograph taken?
60 degrees to the vertical
Define remote sensing
Gathering information about an object without making physical contact with it
Define data processing
Analysing and sorting data once it has been added to a GIS
Define data pre-processing
Making data ready for computerisation
Define data acquisition
Process of acquiring data
Define spacial data
Data referring to a place or position
Define data
Information that is stored, sorted and produced by a computer
Define non-spacial data
Data that is not linked to any place or location
Define attributes
The attributes that describe a feature
Define spacial resolution
Scale or level of detail of work we are dealing with
Define GIS
Stores, manages, analyses and displays data
What is raster data?
Is is data that has pixels (photographs)
What is the spacial resolution of raster data linked to?
Spacial resolution is the pixel size
What is vector data?
An example could be a map
Made up of:
Arrays of coordinates
Points, lines and polygons
What is the spacial resolution of vector data?
The accuracy of the map
What is spectral resolution?
Range of wavelengths that an imaging system can detect
If the the spectral resolution is high, are the bands large or small?
Small bands
What is raster data mostly generated by?
Satellites
What do satellites do in terms of GIS?
Measure amounts of surface reflection
Same as for digital camera
What is a feature?
When more complex ideas are added onto basic vectors
What is a spacial object?
When even more complex ideas are added onto a FEATURE
What does data capture involve?
Georeferencing
This has to be done when overlaying maps in a GIS
This is associating something with a location
