Maps Flashcards
Greek dialects in classical period
Western – NW Greek
Western – Doric
Western – Achean Doric
East – Ionian
Central – Aoelic
East – Attic
Central – Arcado-Cypriot
Classical Period Coloring Book
Greek Dialects of Magna Graecia
Greek Dialects of Magna Graecia – Doric
Greek Dialects of Magna Graecia – NW Greek
Greek Dialects of Magna Graecia – Achaean
Greek Dialects of Magna Graecia – Ionic
Smyrna – 8th Century BCE
Megara
Athens
Sparta
Mycenaean Greece
Mycenae general plan
The Geometric period: Attica, “minor settlements”
Mycenae reconstruction
The Geometric period: Athens, Kerameikos cemetery
The Orientalizing period: architecture
Extra-urban sanctuary of Hera at Samos
The Orientalizing period: the sculpture
A. 7th
B. Marble
C. Naxos
D. Paros
E. Thasos
The Orientalizing period: architecture
Prinias, Crete. Plan of edifices A and B,
The Orientalizing period: the sculpture
A. Paros (island), Lakkos (site) quarries.
B. Thasos (island), Aliki (site) quarries.
The Orientalizing period: the sculpture
In Attica, the most important quarries were those located on Penteli and Hymettus mounts.
A. Penteli
B. Hymettus
The Orientalizing period: the sculpture
Delos sanctuary, plan.
The Naxians dedicated public and private marble offerings.
The Archaic period: Architecture
The Archaic age Athenian Acropolis was marked by the presence of two main temples dedicated to Athena, worshipped as Polias (north) and as Parthenos (south).
The Archaic period: Architecture
Aegina, temple of Aphaia: Doric, peripteral, with six columns on the front and the back, twelve on the flanks, organized in pronaos, cella, opisthodomos (the latter and the first one with two columns in antis), c. 510 B.C.
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Athens, plan Late Archaic period
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Delphi, pan-Hellenic sanctuary of Apollo. Twin kouroi known as ‘Cleobis and Biton’, 580 B.C., 197 cm, marble.
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Samos, extra-urban sanctuary of Hera Colossal kouros, marble, 4,75 m (5 m including the basis) 570 B.C.
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Athens, Acropolis, plan Peisistratid period
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Athens, Acropolis, plan Late Archaic period
The Acropolis of Athens is one the main sources of Archaic statues, as the Persians had overturned everything during their onslaught (480 B.C.) and the Athenians gathered up the shattered remains and buried them in the so-called ‘Persershutt’, discovered by the archaeologists in the 19th century,
The Archaic period : the sculpture
Funerary sculpture. Kerameikos area from 7th to 5th century B.C.
The Early Classical Period: architecture
The temple of Zeus
The Early Classical Period: architecture
The temple of Zeus was planned by the architect Libon of Elis, between 470 and 450 B.C. The Spartans donated a golden shield to be placed in one of the pediment as a offering for a victory in 457 B.C. It was one of the greatest expression of Doric order, with 6 columns on the front and the rear and 13 on the flanks (one more the double that of the facades), a pronaos, a cella and a opisthodomos.
Pan-Hellenic sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi. Location of the monument in memory of the Battle of Marathon with statues by Phidias. Below, heads of Athena and Miltiades found on the Athenian Acropolis and may be copies of the bronze statue of the Delphi group.
Periclean Acropolis
Periclean Acropolis
Athens, the Long Walls connecting the City and the Piraeus.
After the Persian occupation, Themistocles undertook the construction of the new wall protecting the asty and the restoration of Piraeus. To the Cimonian period, from 468, is attributable to the construction of the Long Walls (northern sector) that connect Athens to Piraeus (the southern sector is referable to Pericles); the reconstruction, on the Acropolis, of the sanctuary of Artemide Brauronia and of the southern section of walls; in the agora of the Kerameikos, the erection of the thólos identifiable with the prytanikòs òikos and of the stoà poikile; in the ancient agora, the construction of the Thesèion.
Around 460, the construction of the temple of Athena and Hephaestus on the Kolonos Agoraios was initiated.
Classical archaeology: the 4th century
Euphranor, statue of Apollo Patroos. Athens, Agora Museum
Periclean Acropolis
Athenian agora around mid-5th c. B,C.:
1) Sacred way;
2) S-W fontain;
3) Altar of 12 Gods;
7) bouleuterion;
8) Tholos;
9) Strategion;
10) Quadrangular peribol;
11) Kolonos Agoraios;
12) Eridanus river;
13) Stoa Basileios;
14) Eschara;
15) Aphrodite’s Altar;
16) Temple of Hephaistos and Athena;
17) Stoa Poikile
Periclean Acropolis
Periclean Acropolis: The templar sculptures
Athens, Propylaia
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Hellenistic kingdoms
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
The capital of Macedon was moved from Verghina to Pella around 400 B.C., which was located further east, thus holding a privileged position to improve communications with eastern areas. The site was planned according to a Hippodamian scheme and included a large agora (n. 2), sanctuaries, residential areas and the royal palace (n. 1)
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Pergamon
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Alexander the Great’s Empire
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Verghina/Aigai, royal tumulus (100 m diameter; 13 m height). The tumulus was discovered by Manolis Andronikos in 1977. It contained two plundered tombs, two tombs that had not been robbed, the remains of a heroon and further minor graves.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Pella, the palace, on the left, the general plan
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Verghina, ancient Aegai, first capital of the kingdom (the capital was transferred to Pella c. 400 B.C.) General planimetry
1. palace
2. theater
3. public areas
4. public areas
5. Rhomaios and Eurydice tombs
6. necropolis
7. necropolis
8. royal tumulus
9. necropolis
10. Bella tombs
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Alexandria of Egypt, founded in 331 B.C. by Alexander the Great, capital of the Ptolemaic kingdom, plan and reconstruction of the lighthouse
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Seleucia on the Tigris, capital of Seleucid Empire, on the west bank of the Tigris, founded by Seleucus I Nicator, one of the Successors of Alexander the Great who enlarged an earlier settlement, between 311 and 301 B.C. The Seleucid world (including Anatolia, Syria, Mesopotamia and the eastern area) maintained the heterogeneous character of the Achaemenid Empire.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
After the battle of Ipso (301), Seleuco I reorganizes the poleography of the area corresponding to northern Syria, founding the cities of Antiochia, Seleucia Pieria, Apamea (on the right) and Laodicea (Syrian tetrapolis)
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Ai-Khanoum, one of the main cities of the Greco-Bactrian kingdom, plan and detail of the palace
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Lindos, Rhodes, Sanctuary of Athena
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Pergamon, Acropolis
The theatre held a prominent position and other structures were theatrically set around its kòilon, that connect them to the terrace (theatre terrace) aimed to host the pompé and the Ionic temple of Dionysos. Structures’ visibility was highlighted by their impressive distribution over terraces rising from south to north. Superb panoramas andviews of landscapes could be enjoyed from the acropolis’ edifices. The planners made use of terraces, coordinating them with the natural setting.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Camiro, Rhodes, Sanctuary of Athena and Zeus polièus
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Over the acropolis, the planners used the steep landscape to distribute the buildings in a ‘theatrical’ manner. Lower down the hill, there was a huge gymnasiumconnected to a temenos dedicated to Hera, a sanctuary of Demeter and residential complexes. Further below, the inferior agora was located, mainly responding to commercial needs. The Asklepieion, outside the inhabited area, is one of the most renowned medical centres of the antiquity, together with the sacred areas of Epidaurus and Kos
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Pergamon, Acropolis On the lowest terrace there was a colonnaded agora, with stoas on three sides, surrounding an open space. On the next terrace there was the monumental Great Altar, built in an open court and provided with stairs, between projecting wings, leading to a level platform. The third terrace supported the temple of Athena, placed in the western sector of a colonnade court, at an oblique angle, then followed by the Great Altar’s orientation. Behind its porch, the great Pergamon library was accessible, where numerous books, paintings and statues, among which the replica of Athena Parthenos, were preserved. The fourth terrace was occupied by the royal palaces, the barrack for the soldiers, the arsenal and, later on, by a temple built by the Roman Emperor Trajan. The citadel was protected by a fortification wall.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Sanctuary of Athena Nikephoros The Doric temple of Athena, located in the western sector of a court delimited by porches, was built in the first half of the III century B.C.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Pergamon, Asklepieion Comprising a propyleum, a temple, a library, a theatre (culture and spectacles were regarded as essential part of the healing process), porches, rooms for medical treatments, springs with curative properties
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Athens, Acropolis’ slopes, west of the theatre od Dionysos, stoa of Eumenes II, built to provide shelter for the people attending the festivals and events connected to the theatre. Double colonnades on two stories. On the ground floor: Doric (outer colonnade) + Ionic (internal colonnade); above: Ionic + Pergamene
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Athens, agora, stoa of Attalus II at the east side of the agora, 115 per 20 m, two-storied, built for commercial purposes. Behind the double colonnade of each floor, twenty-one shops were located (forty-two in total)
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Athens, agora in the IV century B.C. Above, detail of the square peristyle identified as one of the law courts of Athens, c. 300 B.C.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Samothrace, sanctuary of the Great Gods
1-3. Unidentified late Hellenistic buildings;
4. Unfinished early Hellenistic building;
6. Milesian Dedication;
7. Dining rooms;
8, 10. Rooms adjacent to the Theater;
9. Archaistic niche;
11. Stoa;
12. Nike Monument;
13. Theater;
14. Altar Court;
15. Hieron;
16. Hall of Votive Gifts;
*17. Hall of Choral Dancers;
*20. Rotunda of Arsinoe II;
22. Sacristy;
*23. Anaktoron;
24. Dedication of Philip III and Alexander IV;
25. Theatral Circle;
*26. Propylon of Ptolemy II;
27. Southern Necropolis;
28. Doric Rotunda;
29. Neorion;
33. Ionic Porch.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Rodhes
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
Athenian agora in the II c. B.C., detail of the Metroon, serving as a sanctuary of the Mother of the gods and as the archive of the city
