Dates and History Flashcards
Proto-geometric period: 1100/11050-900 B.C.
Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.
Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.
Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.
Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)
Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.
Proto-geometric period: 1100/11050-900 B.C.
Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.
Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.
Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.
Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)
Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.
1100/11050-900 B.C.
Geometric period: 900-700 B.C.
-ancient geometric period: 900-850 B.C.
-middle geometric period: 850-750 B.C.
-late geometric period: 750-700 B.C.
Orientalizing period: 700-600 B.C.
Archaic period: 600-480 B.C.
Classical period: 480-323 B.C.
-severe style/period of transition (480-450 B.C.)
-high classical period (450-400 B.C.)
-late classical period (400-323 B.C.)
Hellenistic age: 323 B.C.-31 B.C.
Geometric age 900-700 BCE
Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE
Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE
Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE
Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE
Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE
-Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE
-Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE
-Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE
-Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE
-Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE
Geometric age 900-700 BCE
Ancient Geometric 900-850 BCE
Middle Geometric I 850-800 BCE
Middle Geometric II 800-750 BCE
Late Geometric I 750-725 BCE
Late Geometric II 725-700 BCE
-Structural and cultural transformation
-Population growth
-Intensification of agricultural production
-Increase of material production
-Colonization
-Social re-organisation –> participation/aggregation processes
-Organised and structured communities –> birth of the polis
-Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces
-Re-appearance of script –> Greek alphabet
-Geometric style
-Structural and cultural transformation
-Population growth
-Intensification of agricultural production
-Increase of material production
-Colonization
-Social re-organisation –> participation/aggregation processes
-Organised and structured communities –> birth of the polis
-Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces
-Re-appearance of script –> Greek alphabet
-Geometric style
8th Century B.C. revolution:
-Structural and cultural transformation
-Population growth
-Intensification of agricultural production
-Increase of material production
-Colonization
-Social re-organisation –> participation/aggregation processes
-Organised and structured communities –> birth of the polis
-Establishment of religious practices, emergence of sacred spaces
-Re-appearance of script –> Greek alphabet
-Geometric style
A. Polis
B. social community + the main inhabited settlement and the surrounding territory (chora)
C. Chora
D. main urban center
A. 7th Century B.C.
B. Eastern
C. Orientalizing
D. Egyptian
The Orientalizing period
-circulation of new goods, artists, artisans, techniques
-introduction of Eastern iconographic elements (such as griffins, sirens, centaurs, sphinxes, gorgons), spread of the lion image from the Hittite art, decorative motifs such as rosettes, palmettoes, spirals
-introduction of new technologies from the East
-birth of a new kind of sculpture– ‘Daedalic style’
-edifices built in stone with clay roof
-new designs for the decoration of Greek pottery: Proto-Corinthian Pottery ; Proto-Attic pottery
-progressive socio-economical differentiation
-Emergence of the aristocracy
-acquisition of new cultural models (for the aristocrats): banquet, ritualized consumption of wine
-In some poleis, establishment of tyrant, a single individual holding the political and military power
The Orientalizing period
-circulation of new goods, artists, artisans, techniques
-introduction of Eastern iconographic elements (such as griffins, sirens, centaurs, sphinxes, gorgons), spread of the lion image from the Hittite art, decorative motifs such as rosettes, palmettoes, spirals
-introduction of new technologies from the East
-birth of a new kind of sculpture– ‘Daedalic style’
-edifices built in stone with clay roof
-new designs for the decoration of Greek pottery: Proto-Corinthian Pottery ; Proto-Attic pottery
-progressive socio-economical differentiation
-Emergence of the aristocracy
-acquisition of new cultural models (for the aristocrats): banquet, ritualized consumption of wine
-In some poleis, establishment of tyrant, a single individual holding the political and military power
Renaissance
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
Proto-Corinthian Pottery Chronology:
1. Ancient Proto-Corinthian style: 720-690 B.C.
2. Middle Proto-Corinthian: 690-650 B.C.
3. Middle Proto-Corinthian I: 690-675 B.C.
4. Middle Proto-Corinthian II: 675-650 B.C.
5. Late Proto-Corinthian: 650-630 B.C.
6. Transitional period: 630-610 B.C.
Ancient Proto-Corinthian style: 720-690 B.C.
Middle Proto-Corinthian: 690-650 B.C.
Middle Proto-Corinthian I: 690-675 B.C.
Middle Proto-Corinthian II: 675-650 B.C.
Late Proto-Corinthian: 650-630 B.C.
Transitional period: 630-610 B.C.
Proto-Corinthian Pottery Chronology:
Proto-Attic Pottery Chronology:
A. Ancient Proto-Attic style: 700-675 B.C.
B. Middle Proto-Attic: 675-630 B.C.
C. Late Proto-Attic: 630-600 B.C.
The Archaic period
A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families)
B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth
C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy
D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene promotion of architectural sites
E. Progressive articulation of the society specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops
F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai
G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices
H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style
The Archaic period
A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families)
The Archaic period
B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth
The Archaic period
C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy
The Archaic period
D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene promotion of architectural sites
The Archaic period
E. Progressive articulation of the society specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops
The Archaic period
F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai
The Archaic period
G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices
The Archaic period
H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style
The Archaic period
A. Citizens grouped in pyhlai (tribes), that were divided into groups called phratriai (brotherhoods), further sub-divided in gene (lineages, enlarged families)
B. Tyrannies (Peisistratids, Cypselids, Polycrates etc.), authors of infrastructures and new building programs, redistribution of wealth
C. At the end of the period, birth of democracy
D. Rivalries among poleis, among gene promotion of architectural sites
E. Progressive articulation of the society specialization of artists and artisans, who sign their works and found workshops
F. Sculpture: kouroi and korai
G. Architecture: experimentalism, proliferation of building programs, stone built sacred edifices
H. Pottery/vase painting: black-figure pottery, red-figure style
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Enlargement of sanctuaries
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Temple building remains a priority, given its identitarian and self-representation meaning
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Architecture is marked by a strong experimental character
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Competition among poleis foster sacred architecture
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-In this period, temples are usually surrounded by colonnades
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Architectural orders find found full expression in the Archaic age
The Archaic period
600-480 B.C.
-Architects and sculptors try to find a solution for the decoration of the pediment
The Archaic period: the pottery
A. 6th
B. Athenian
C. Attica
D. Mediterranean
The Archaic period: the pottery
A. 7th
B. Athenian
The Archaic period : the pottery
A. 530 B.C.
B. Exekias
C. anatomies in motion
D. three-quarter views
E. Foreshortening
F. human emotions and moods
The Early Classical Period: the S
A. Bilingual
B. Andokides
C. Exekias
D. Pioneers
E. Euphronios
F. Euthymidesculpture
The Archaic period : the pottery
A. 514 B.C.
B. 511 B.C.
C. 506 B.C.
D. 490 B.C.
E. 480 B.C.
F. 479 B.C.
G. 477 B.C.
The Archaic period : the pottery
A. death of Hipparchus
B. end of Hippia’s tyranny
C. Cleisthenes’ reform: democracy
D. Marathon battle
E. Salamina battle
F. Platea battle
G. Establishment of the Delian-Attic League (whose treasure was first kept at Delos and subsequently in Athens): Athenian imperialism
The Archaic period : the pottery
A. 480 B.C.
B. 480-323 B.C.
C. 480-450 B.C.
D. 450-404 B.C.
E. 404-323 B.C.
The Archaic period : the pottery
A. Persians
B. Classical Period
C. Severe period
D. High Classical period
E. Late Classical period
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
A. J. Droysen (1808-1884) conventionally identifies the Hellenistic age with the period subsequent the death of Alexander the Great.
B. Urban foundations, promoted by Alessandro and his successors:- Re-foundation of existing centers (Aleppo / Beroea)- Promotion of the transformation of village communities into more complex settlement (Laodicea ad Lycum)- New foundation, in some cases marked by strategic nature (Ai-Kanhoum)
C. Circulation of ideas, cultures, goods, wealth, people, technological discoveries
D. Spreading of Greek cultural expressions outside of Greece
E. Mutual and two-way acculturation process: local communities and Greek Macedonian groups
F. Hellenistic Koine
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
A. J. Droysen (1808-1884) conventionally identifies the Hellenistic age with the period subsequent the death of Alexander the Great.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
B. Urban foundations, promoted by Alessandro and his successors:- Re-foundation of existing centers (Aleppo / Beroea)- Promotion of the transformation of village communities into more complex settlement (Laodicea ad Lycum)- New foundation, in some cases marked by strategic nature (Ai-Kanhoum)
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
C. Circulation of ideas, cultures, goods, wealth, people, technological discoveries
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
A. Eumenes I(263-241 B.C.), defeated Antioch I in 261 B.C. and established the Pergamon realm
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
B. Attalus I (241-197 B.C.) defeated the Galatians twice. He dedicated a new statue for the goddess Athena in the courtyard of her sanctuary. The inscription read: “King Attalos having conquered in battle the Tolistoagii Gauls around the springs of the river Kaikos [set up this] thank-offering to Athena.”
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
C. Eumenes II (197-159 B.C.) defeated the Galatians and Antioch III, promoted culture, philosophy, the arts and the sciences, enriched the Pergamonlibrary and enlarged the Asklepieion, dedicated a stoa on the slopes of the Athenian Acropolis
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
D. Attalus II Philadelphus (159-138 B.C.) was known as a patron of the arts and sciences, dedicated a stoa in the Athenian agora, founded the cities of Philadelphia and Attalia
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
E. Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to Rome in 133 B.C.
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
E. Mutual and two-way acculturation process: local communities and Greek Macedonian groups
Classical Archaeology. Hellenistic Art
F. Hellenistic Koine
Cyriacus of Ancona, also known as Ciriaco de’ Pizzicolli
31 July 1391 – 1453/55
He has been called the Father of Archaeology:
17th century
A. 18th Century CE
B. London Society of Dilettanti
C. J.J. Winckelmann
A. Nemea, sanctuary of Zeus
B. 1766
C. Winckelmann
A. Nineteenth
B. 1816
C. Thomas Bruce, Earl of Elgin
D. Aphaia of Aegina
E. Bavaria
F. Munich
A. 1831
B. Kiriakos Pittakis
C. Greek Archaeological Society
D. 1837
A. the Erechtheion,
B. the Athena Nike temple,
C. the Parthenon
D. Panagiotes Kavvadias and Georg Kawerau
E. between 1885 and 1890
F. Nicholaos Balanos
The Greek Society
A. Demeter and Kore at Eleusis
B. Seventeenth Century
C. Francois Lenormant
D. Greek Archaeological Society
E. between 1882 and 1945
A. F. Lenormant
B. Eleusis, the Greater Propylaea
C. Cariatid from Lesser Propyleia
A. Heinreich Schliemann
B. Homer’s
C. Troy
D. 1870
E. Mycenae
F. Tyrins
G. Mycenaean civilization
H. Stratigraphic
F. Interdisciplinary
A. H. Schliemann
B. Mycenae, Lions’ gate
C. Tyrins, palace
A. Zeus at Olympia
B. E. Curtius and F. Adler
C. between 1875 and 1881
D. W. Dörpfeld
E. 1906 and 1909
F. 1921 and 1930
G. since 1936
H. E. Kunze
A. Apollo at Delphi
B. French Archaeological School
C. T. Homolle
A. end of the 19th
B. beginning of the 20th century
C. Paolo Orsi
D. Umberto Zanotti Bianco
E. Sothern Italy
F. Magna Graecia
A. 20th century
C. Federico Halberr
D. Crete
E. Gortyn,
F. Phaistos
G. Hagia Triada.
A. Tyrins Palace
B. Dark Age
Demographic decrease
Diminishing of attested sites
Reduction of pottery forms / sub-Mycenaean style, then substituted by proto-Geometric one
Decline of stone sculpture, painting and stone masonry
Disappearance of the script
Lack of an economic centralized system
Isolated settlements scattered in the territory, with few external contacts
Probably, passage from a sedentary economy based on agriculture to a nomadic one, that leaves less traces recordable at archaeological level
- Demographic decrease
- Diminishing of attested sites
- Reduction of pottery forms / sub-Mycenaean style, then substituted by proto-Geometric one
- Decline of stone sculpture, painting and stone masonry
- Disappearance of the script
- Lack of an economic centralized system
- Isolated settlements scattered in the territory, with few external contacts
- Probably, passage from a sedentary economy based on agriculture to a nomadic one, that leaves less traces recordable at archaeological level
