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DPT732: MAP II > MAPIISG1 - O2 Transportation > Flashcards

MAPIISG1 - O2 Transportation Flashcards

1
Q

What is DO2 = artieral O2 x CO?

A

Oxygen Delivery

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2
Q

With an increase in demand at the tissue, what happens to Oxygen Delivery (DO2)?

A

Normally based on demands of tissues (CO2 increases with increase in demand)

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3
Q

T/F: At rest Oxygen Delivery (DO2) = demand.

A

False: at rest, DO2 is 3-4x greater than demand

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4
Q

How is 98% of O2 transported?

A

in association with hemoglobin (Hgb)

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5
Q

Hgb affinity for O2 determined by ___ (3)

A

pH, temp, PCO2

changes produce shifts in oxyHgb dissociation curve

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6
Q

What is VO2 = arterial O2 - vO2 x CO?

A

Oxygen Consumption

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7
Q

What may happen to Oxygen Consumption (VO2) if there is a severe cardiopulmonary dysfunction?

A

it may fall short of demand

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8
Q

What is OER = VO2/DO2

A

Oxygen Extraction Ratio = Consumption / Delivery

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9
Q

What is Oxygen Extraction Ratio (OER) at rest?

A

~23%

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10
Q

What three factors are looked at with inspired oxygen and quality of air?

A
  1. Atmospheric Air
  2. Air Quality
  3. Humidity
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11
Q

Atmospheric Air:
__% O2
__% Nitrogen
__% CO2

A

Atmospheric Air:
21% O2
79% Nitrogen
0.03% CO2

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12
Q

What effect will poor air quality have on the respiratory system?

A

Poor air quality interferes with respiratory tract filtering – lead to inflammation of alveolar capacity.

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13
Q

What role does humidity play in respiration? Effects of a dry environment?

A

In alveoli, inspired air saturated with water vapor.

Dry environments: loss of mucous covering, erosion, and infection

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14
Q

What muscles are used for active inspiration and how? (2)

A

Diaphragm - dress the inferiro wall of the thoracic cavity, and therefore, increase volume.

External intercostals- elevate ribs and therefore increase the volume.

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15
Q

What muscle are used for normal expiration?

A

normally passive due to elastic force of lungs.

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16
Q

What muscles are used for forced expiration and how? (2)

A

Internal Intercostals - compress and lower the ribs and therefore decrease volume.

Abdominals - compress the abdonimal cavity elevating organs and diaphragm therefore decreasing volume.

17
Q

What five things is diffusion of O2 from alveolar sacs to pulmonary arterial circulation based on?

A
  1. Surface area of alveolar capillary membrane.
  2. Diffusing capacity of alveolar capillary membrane
  3. Pulmonary capillary blood volume
  4. Ventilation/perfusion ratio
  5. Transit time of blood in alveolar capillary membrane
18
Q

Diffusion of O2 varies directly with ____ and indirectly with ____.

A

Diffusion of O2 varies directly with SURFACE AREA OF ALVEOLI and indirectly with THICKNESS OF ALEVOLAR-CAPILLARY MEMBRANE.

19
Q

When upright, where is perfusion in the lungs optimal?

A

around horizontal midline of lungs

20
Q

What is Ventilation (V) / Perfision (Q)?

A

~0.8

21
Q

Myocardial function: optimal with synchronized ____ and ____.

A

Myocardial function: optimal with synchronized ELECTRICAL COUPLINE and MECHANICAL CONTRACTION.

22
Q

Define Preload

A

Preload is the filling pressure of the heart at the end of diastole. The left atrial pressure (LAP) at the end of diastole will determine the preload.

23
Q

The greater the preload, the greater will be the ___

A

volume of blood in the heart at the end of diastole.

24
Q

Inotropic effect is ___ while Chronotropic effect is ___.

A

Inotropic effect is FORCE while Chronotropic effect is RATE OF CONTRCTION.

25
Q

Define Afterload

A

Afterload is the pressure in the wall of the left ventricle during ejection. In other words, it is the end load against which the heart contracts to eject blood

26
Q

What is a normal ejection fraction?

A

55-70%

This and HR can be used to measure impairment

27
Q

Large vessels ted to have more ___, while medium to small vessels have more ___.

A

Large vessels ted to have more ELASTIC AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE, while medium to small vessels have more SMOOTH MUSCLE.

28
Q

What is the purpose of arterioles?

A

Regulate blood flow thru regional vascular beds

29
Q

Does O2 diffusion occur slowly or quickly

A

quickly

30
Q

What does intracellular PO2 average?

A

23 mmHg

31
Q

What PO2 is needed for cell metabolism?

A

3 mmHg

32
Q

Is rate of O2 extraction regulated by availability or demand?

A

demand

33
Q

What are 4 normal factors that “shake up” O2 transport?

A
  1. Activity
  2. Position (i.e. gravity)
  3. Emotion
  4. Stress
34
Q

What are 6 disease factors that “shake up” O2 transportation?

A
  1. Bedrest
  2. Fever
  3. Disease Itself
  4. Inflammation Process
  5. Medication
  6. Fluid Imbalance
35
Q

What effected does restricted/reduced activity on CO? VO2? OER?

A

Decrease in CO, VO2, OER and impacts multiple other systems

36
Q

What 4 effects does bed rest have?

A
  1. Changes in fluid distribution
  2. Decrease in muscle activity
  3. changes in body weight distribution and pressure
  4. aerobic deconditioning and all that impacts with oxygen transport/exchange
37
Q

What 2 effects does a loss of gravitation stress have on the body?

A
  1. Fluid shift from body/legs to thorax head

2. Musculoskeletal changes

38
Q

What are 3 external signs of oxygen transport dysfunction?

A
  1. Skin: pale, cyanotic, cold
  2. Speech: short of breath
  3. Diaphoresis: sweating
39
Q

What are 5 internal signs of oxygen transport dysfunction?

A
  1. Vital signs
  2. Respiratory patterns
  3. Hypoxia/low pulse oximetry
  4. Poor peripheral circulation
  5. Decrease capillary refill (>3 sec)

DPT732: MAP II (14 decks)

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