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1China > MAO- Korean War > Flashcards

MAO- Korean War Flashcards

1
Q

How long had Korea been occupied by Japan for?

A

Since 1910

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2
Q

When did the Japanese leave Korea?

A

1945

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3
Q

What happened after the Japanese left Korea?

A

Russians invaded across its short common frontier; installed Kim Il Sung as leader in the north of the peninsula

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4
Q

What was Korea partitioned along after the Russians invaded?

A

38th parallel

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5
Q

Who did the non-Communist south Korea look for help from?

A

USA

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6
Q

When did Kim step up his interest in conquering the South for Communism?

A

When it became apparent that the USA was losing interest in Korea

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7
Q

When did the Korean War begin?

A

June 1950

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8
Q

When did the war escalate?

A

When the UN authorised a force (mainly American) to defend the south

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9
Q

Why did Mao get involved with the Korean War?

A

Worried that an American victory would leave China vulnerable to attack from US bombers operating from North Korea

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10
Q

When did Mao intervene?

A

When the UN/US force crossed into the North

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11
Q

Who manipulated Mao into intervention?

A

Stalin

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12
Q

Why was Stalin eager to get Mao involved in the war?

A

Hoped to get Mao and Kim to deal with the Americans, without it draining Russia’s resources

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13
Q

How did Mao take advantage of the outbreak of war?

A

Took more extreme measures at home

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14
Q

When had the basis of a militarised society been put in place in China?

A

During the first 12 months of Communist rule

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15
Q

What campaign did Mao launch as soon as the PLA were sent to the aid of North Korea?

A

Great Terror against counter-revolutionaries in October 1950

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16
Q

What did the more extreme measures Mao took at home enable him to do?

A

Strengthen the grip of the Party by destroying the lingering remains of Nationalist opposition; remove elements who might emerge as future opponents

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17
Q

Why did the wartime terror increase the power of the Party?

A

Local leaders were given key roles in organising its details; workers were only too pleased to denounce unpopular colleagues and exploitative bosses

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18
Q

Which foreign groups were persecuted in the wartime?

A

Americans; Christian missionaries

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19
Q

How did China promote national unity during the war?

A

Party orchestrated a concerted propaganda campaign against the USA

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20
Q

Who took the lead in organising student demonstrations and anti-American patriotic parades?

A

Zhou Enlai

21
Q

What else were the anti-American rallies used to do?

A

Apply pressure on people to volunteer for the PLA

22
Q

How was the war funded?

A

People were pressurised into donating their money and goods; taxes were raised to new levels

23
Q

How extreme could forced donations be for professionals in the cities?

A

Up to 3 months salary

24
Q

When did Beijing launch a germ warfare scare?

A

February 1952

25
Q

During the germ warfare scare, where did the government claim that the American planes were dropping cylinders of disease?

A

North Korea; Manchuria

26
Q

During the germ warfare scare, which plague-infested animals did the government claim that the Americans were releasing?

A

Rats; frogs

27
Q

When was the credibility of the germ warfare scare undermined by the Russians?

A

April 1953

28
Q

What did the Party use the paranoia about health concerns with the germ warfare scare to justify?

A

‘Five pests’ campaign

29
Q

What were the ‘five pests’?

A

Flies; mosquitoes; fleas; bedbugs; rats

30
Q

Which animal was declared to be dangerous alongside the ‘five pests’?

A

Dogs

31
Q

How many Chinese lives is it estimated were lost during the Korean war?

A

1 million

32
Q

Why did Mao believe that the scale of losses during the Korean war was unimportant?

A

Population was so vast that the losses would soon be made up

33
Q

What was the name of Mao’s eldest son, who was killed during the Korean war?

A

Mao Anying

34
Q

How did Mao’s eldest son die during the war?

A

Burned to death in an American incendiary raid on his headquarters

35
Q

What was Mao’s eldest son working as during the war?

A

Interpreter for Marshal Peng

36
Q

How did Mao react to the death of his eldest son?

A

Took the blow badly; became even more distanced from ordinary people and their sufferings

37
Q

Why did the war have such damaging effects on the economy?

A

Had to be entirely refocused in order to supply the military equipment and supplies needed to sustain 3 years of war

38
Q

How much of government spending went on the military in 1951?

A

Over 1/2

39
Q

How much higher was the annual budget of 1951 compared to that of the year before?

A

75%

40
Q

Where was most of the Chinese military equipment produced?

A

Manchuria

41
Q

Where were food supplies for the army mainly requisitioned from?

A

Rice from Sichuan; bread from Manchuria

42
Q

What caused further difficulties for China’s economy?

A

Trade embargo on Chinese goods imposed by the USA when China entered the war

43
Q

How did the trade embargo affect China?

A

Caused a 30% fall in foreign trade in the first 6 months of 1951

44
Q

What were the indirect economic impacts of the Korea war?

A

Restricted success of the 1FYP; debts meant that little was invested in education, health provision or vital aspects of the economic infrastructure

45
Q

Why was China’s prestige significantly boosted by the Korean war?

A

Its armies had held those of the USA at bay for the best part of 3 years

46
Q

What were the other benefits for China from its involvement in the Korean war?

A

PRC could now claim to be the most powerful Communist nation; preservation of a friendly, Communist North Korea gave China greater security

47
Q

Why did Chinese relations with the Soviet Union suffer due to the war?

A

Mao soon saw how he had been misled by Stalin at the outset; resented Stalin’s failure to supply air cover to the PLA and get more directly involved in the fighting

48
Q

Why did Sino-Soviet relations deteriorate further after Stalin’s death?

A

Although Mao had never trusted Stalin, he had far less respect for Khrushchev

49
Q

How did America establish itself as the enemy of China post-Korean war?

A

CIA began plotting to undermine Chinese control of Tibet; Americans moved to replace French in Taiwan; ensured that China was refused admission to the United Nations until 1972

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