Manufacturing Systems

Question 1

is the making of something new—either tangible (‘products’) or intangible
(‘services’ that disappear in the very act of their creation).

Answer 1

Production

Question 2

is understood to be ‘the transformation of raw
materials into products by a series of energy applications, each of which
affects well defined changes in the physical or chemical characteristics of
the materials’

Answer 2

production

Question 3

is ‘the conversion of a design into a
finished product’,

Answer 3

Manufacturing

Question 4

the physical act of making the product

Answer 4

‘production’

Question 5

‘a series of interrelated activities and
operations involving the design, materials selection, planning, manufacturing production, quality assurance, management and marketing of the products of the manufacturing industries’

Answer 5

manufacturing

Question 6

three flows in manufacturing

Answer 6

material, information, cost flow

Question 7

defined by the American Marketing
Association as ‘a process to plan and implement
concept building of ideas, commodities and services, pricing, sales promotion and distribution so as to create the “exchange value” of an individual/organization

Answer 7

MARKETING

Question 8

Subtracting the production cost from the product value (price/revenue) gives the value added created by production.

Answer 8

profit

Question 9

to be maximised by the
management;

Answer 9

profit objective

Question 10

to be used to contribute
to the welfare of society

Answer 10

social objective

Question 11

The process of conversion of resources of
production, in particular that of raw
materials into tangible goods or products

Answer 11

production processes

Question 12

generally made up of successive multiple production stages, on which a series of operations— the work of producing the output— are performed successively on workstations (centres) or production facilities.

Answer 12

production processes

Question 13

ratio between input and output:

Answer 13

productivity

Question 14

outputs are measured in
units;

Answer 14

physical productivity,

Question 15

the outputs are measured in
monetary values;

Answer 15

value productivity,

Question 16

an overall measure expressing
the contribution of the resources of production to the efficiency attained by a firm.

Answer 16

total productivity,

Question 17

such as labour productivity, capital
productivity, land productivity, raw-material
productivity, etc., which are related to each of the resources of production;

Answer 17

factor productivity,

Question 18

it indicates the
economic power of a country.

Answer 18

gDP

Question 19

is a capacity of performing a given task within the specified standard time

Answer 19

efficiency

Question 20

A structure and framework of hierarchies and functions in which human work is effectively conducted

Answer 20

organisation.

Question 21

an organized or connected group of objects;

Answer 21

system

Question 22

unit forming part of a
system behaves with strong
independence/autonomy,

Answer 22

module or
holon

Question 23

a system consisting of
autonomous modules

Answer 23

total system

Question 24

A system consists of a plural number of distinguishable units which may be either physical or conceptual, natural or artificial.

Answer 24

Assemblage.

Question 25

An actual system as a whole performs a certain function or aims at single or multiple
objectives.

Answer 25

Goal-seeking.

Question 26

A specific, factual system behaves so as to adapt to the change in its
surroundings, or external environment.

Answer 26

Adaptability to environment.

Question 27

is a methodology associated with the optimum
design, installation, and execution of
large-scale manufacturing systems which
are made economically feasible by utilising
scientific laws and empirical rules which
exist in manufacturing.

Answer 27

Manufacturing systems engineering,

Question 28

is to construct a new, useful system under a
specified evaluation criterion by the
use of scientific disciplines and
empirical laws concerning systems.

Answer 28

Systems design

Question 29

attained by the function of
the system made up of components;

Answer 29

goals of the system

Question 30

both internal and external restrictions caused by the structure of the system itself and the relationship between the system and its external environment.

Answer 30

constraints on the system

Question 31

is an abstract representation of a
real situation or behaviour with a suitable
language or expression.

Answer 31

MODEL

Question 32

In constructing a large-scale management system, several modules,
with distinct functions required for planning, implementation, and
control of manufacturing, are integrated.

Answer 32

TOTAL SYSTEMS APPROACH

Question 33

the process of selecting
one best plan from among several possible
alternatives.

Answer 33

decision making

Question 34

reliable information is
available for the future: an alternative which generates the highest
utility is chosen;

Answer 34

decision under certainty—

Question 35

probabilities of the occurrence
of the future information are available: an alternative which generates
the highest expected utility is chosen;

Answer 35

decision under risk—

Question 36

even probabilities of
the occurrence of the future information are not known: criterion of
pessimism (maximin or minimax or Wald), criterion of optimism
(maximax), Hurwicz’s criterion, Savage criterion, and Laplace criterion
are applicable;

Answer 36

decision under uncertainty—

Question 37

competitors take their
actions against our plans: game theory is usable.

Answer 37

decision under conflict—

Question 38

is an
attempt to achieve organisational
objectives through integrating
resources, such as men, machines,
materials, and money, which are not
originally related to each other.

Answer 38

management