Manual Reticulocyte Counts Flashcards

1
Q

In the reticulocyte cell stage there are small amounts of______ that remains in the RBC. 

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In order to detect the presence of RNA the RBCs must be stained while they are still __________.
What is this process called?

A

Alive

Supravital staining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the overall process for manual reticulocyte count?

A

-whole blood (EDTA) Is incubated with the supravital stain, new methylene blue.
-Smears are prepared
-Smears are observed using a Miller disk
-The number of retics in 1000 RBCs is counted, and then this number is divided by 10 to obtain the retic count as a percent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is placed inside the microscope ocular‘s to aid in the Retics counting process?

A

Miller disk 

-Will appear as two squares, one inside the other and the Smaller square will be exactly 1/9 the size of the larger square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How much smaller is the inner square in the Miller disk? 

A

1/9 the size of the larger square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is an acceptable area to use the Miller desk on a blood smear?

A

An area where the RBCs are close together but not overlapping, and where the retics appear to be well stained

-The RBCs will be a light to medium green color, and the RNA present will stain as widely scattered deep blue particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

To be considered a reticulocyte, the RBC must contain ______ or more Blue staining particles

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Beware, many retic slides contain ________ artifact; These are shiny and easily confused with true reticulum.

A

Water

*Be especially careful if a cell is a retic and has water artifact! *

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Using the 100 X oil immersion objective, you move through successive fields and count all of the…..

A

Erythrocytes (Both retics and plain RBCs) in the small square of the field as “RBCs”

Then count all the retakes seen in both squares as “retics”, continue this way until *111(+or-) 4 RBCs are counted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

*** remember: A retic in the small square is counted as….

A

Both an RBC and a retic!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do you count in the small square of the Miller desk?
And what do you count in the larger square plus the small square?

A

RBCs and retics as “RBCs”

All retics in both squares

  • Continue this way until 111+ or -4 RBCs are counted* Whatever number of retics was counted during this process is used in the calculations*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

We want to report our number of retics as a percentage. what is the easiest way to do this?

A

Take the total number of retics you counted in all of the whole (larger) Squares and divide by 10 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do you do about a cell that sits on the line?

A

Always count those cells sitting on the top and left lines
“Top Left Count, TLC method)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reticulocyte manual counts should be done how many times?
And when you compare the sets of results they should be +/- _____% 

A

2

0.5% (if this is the case, Average the two numbers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the normal reticulocyte percentage for adults, children, and newborns?

A

Adults 0.5-2.0%
Children 1.0-3.0%
Newborns 2.0-6.0% 

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you calculate ARC?

A

Reticulocyte (%) x RBC count (x10^12)
Divided by 100

17
Q

And what does ARC stand for?

A

Absolute reticulocyte count

18
Q

What does CRC stand for? 

A

Corrected reticulocyte count (Reticulocyte index) 

19
Q

Why would a corrected reticulocyte count be performed?

A

When a specimen has a low hematocrit.

(The percentage of reticulocytes may be falsely elevated due to the few RBCs in the blood. A correction factor is used, considering the average normal hematocrit to be 45%) 

20
Q

How do you calculate CRC?

A

Reticulocytes (%) x Hct. (%) / 45

21
Q

A correction made for the presence of prematurely released reticulocytes in circulation. (Can happen with polychromasia) 

A

Reticulocyte production index (RPI) 

22
Q

How do you calculate RPI?

A

Reticulocyte (%) x [Hct.(%)/45] divided by
Maturation time in days

23
Q

The blood-to-stain ratio does not have to be exactly equal. Explain the reasoning behind this. 

A

When the patient’s hematocrit (Packed RBCs volume expressed as a percentage) is low, A larger proportion of blood should be added to the stain.

Add a smaller amount of blood to the stain when the patient has an unusually high hematocrit

24
Q

The time allowed for staining Is not absolutely critical but it should NOT be less than ____ minutes. 

A

10

25
Q

What are two things that can cause retics to show pale staining?

A

-High blood glucose
-Use of heparin as the anticoagulant

26
Q

It is extremely important that the blood and stain be ________ prior to making each and every smear. 

A

Mixed well

*retics have a lower specific gravity then mature RBCs

27
Q

[RBC inclusion stained by new methylene blue]
These will appear as one, sometimes, too, rounded, deep purple staining structures (looks like one big dot) 

A

Howell-Jolly bodies

28
Q

[RBC inclusion stained by new methylene blue]

Appear as deposits of several granules closer together (Rather than the “scattered all over” Network-like look of Retics)
-stain a darker blue than retics 

A

Pappenheimer bodies (aka siderotic granules)

29
Q

To confirm pappenheimer bodies, what stain should be used? 

A

An iron stain such as Prussian blue (No other inclusions will show up with this stain, but pappenhimer bodies will)

30
Q

-These inclusions appear similar to pappenheimer bodies And show up with methylene blue, but disappear with both Wright’s stain and Prussian blue
-they are usually single, or one cluster of just a few particles

A

Heinz bodies

31
Q

What are conditions associated with an increased retic count? 

A

-increased erythropoiesis in response to hemolytic anemia
-Acute and/or chronic bleeding
-post iron deficiency anemia treatment
-Post megaloblastic anemia treatment

32
Q

What are conditions associated with a decreased retic count?

A

-decreased erythropoiesis caused by aplastic anemia
-Bone marrow infiltration with fibrotic tissue (myelopfibrosis)
-pernicious anemia
-Sideroblastic anemia

33
Q

What inclusions can be seen with a Wright’s stain? 

A

-reticulum (ploychromatophilic, bluish)
-Howell-jolly bodies
-pappenheimer bodies or siderotic granules

34
Q

Can Heinz bodies be seen on a Wright’s stain?

A

No

35
Q

What inclusions show up with new methylene blue stain?

A

-reticulum
-Howell-jolly bodies
-pappenheimer bodies or siderotic granules
-Heinz bodies

36
Q

What inclusion shows up with Prussian blue stain?

A

Pappenheimer bodies