manipulating genomes

Question 1

what is the process of methylation

Answer 1

adding a methyl group to dna can be used to change the expression of genes.

Question 2

what are the key enzymes involved

Answer 2

restriction enzymes used to cut dna at certain points e.g restriction endonucleases enzymes.
ligases are used to stick dna together

Question 3

polymerase chain reaction

Answer 3

pcr uses DNA polymerase and a thermal cycler to make large number of copies of a specific DNA target sequence.

a thermal cycler will change the temperature with each stage

at 95 degrees DNA denatures

primers need to be specific to a known sequence as they identify the section of DNA to copy targets.

after 3 cycles you start to get some target copies
after this non-target copies gain 2 each cycle but target copies grow exponentially

after many cycles the product is extremely pure ( almost all sequences are target copies