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My IT Revision > Manipulating Data > Flashcards

Manipulating Data Flashcards

1
Q

What is data capture?

A

the process of collecting data for use in a computer system.

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2
Q

What is a reader/scanner used for?

A

to read bar codes and magnetic stripes

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3
Q

What is optical character recognition used for?

A

reading data from printed documents

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4
Q

What are optical mark readers used for?

A

for gathering data from marks on pre-printed forms

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5
Q

what are radio frequency identification scanners/readers (RFID) used for?

A

for reading RFID chips/ tags

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6
Q

what is voice recognition used for?

A

for turning speech into computer data

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7
Q

what are sensors used for?

A

for gathering data about physical parameters.

data forms can be created using tally sheets that are useful for recording the counted items of data

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8
Q

What should a data collection graph include?

A

title
boxes for different categories
titles of individual boxes
numbers of each category are recorded by tally marks
the totals for each category should be circled
the data and the person recording should be listed

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9
Q

What features should a good questionnaire have?

A

titles to describe
questions are short and request short answers
answering questions like birth data should be made easier
Questions with Boolean choices should have separate boxes for the answer

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10
Q

What are the seven types of data?

A 
text data, 
numeric data, 
boolean or logical data, 
day/time data, and 
image data
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11
Q

What is text data?

A

they can have any character possible, data is stored as text and cannot be used in calculations (eg telephone numbers, names)

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12
Q

What is numeric data?

A

can only be numbers with or without decimal places.
Whole numbers are integers
numbers with decimal places are real numbers (eg prices of objects)

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13
Q

What is boolean or logical data?

A

They can only have 2 values, true or false.

The data can be displayed in other ways (eg male/female, yes/no)

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14
Q

What is date/time data?

A

written either in days, months and years, or a time only (eg date of birth/ date of event)

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15
Q

What is image data?

A

used to store graphics and photographs (eg photographs)

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16
Q

What is verification used for?

A

to ensure that the data that appears in a document or database is the same as the original source data on the data-capture sheet

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17
Q

What is visual checks or double entry?

A

where two people enter the same data separately, are used.

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18
Q

what is proofreading?

A

where people, other than the author, check the document for factual and other errors.

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19
Q

What is validation?

A

a process carried out by a computer to check that the data being entered into a computer is acceptable and reasonable according to certain rules.

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20
Q

What are 3 types of validation checks?

A

range
format picture
length

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21
Q

What is a range validation check?

A

checks that the data is within a set range (eg a date between 3rd March and 22nd October)

22
Q

What is format/picture validation check?

A

check that each of the characters is allowed or in the correct position (eg check an email address, and the @ sign and the co.uk is in the correct place)

23
Q

What is length validation check?

A

checks that the correct number of characters has been entered (eg a postcode has 8 characters including the space)

24
Q

What is control total?

A

a calculation that adds up a total of set of numbers and checks that the total is meaningful (calculated in intervals to check the data is the same)

25
Q

What is hash total?

A

a calculation that adds up a set of numbers but the sum has no meaning - used for checking only) (total is recalculated to check that data has not been compromised during processing)

26
Q

What are spreadsheets?

A

they use a grip of cells arranged in columns and rows.
Cells can be grouped into ranges
Each cell can contain a value, a formula, a label, or a function
Cells are usually referenced by the column and the row

27
Q

What is relative cell referencing?

A

allows cell references to change automatically when copying or replicating cells.

28
Q

What is absolute cell referencing?

A

prevents cell references from changing automatically when copying or replicating cells - this can be done by putting a dollar sign before the cell reference

29
Q

What are formulas?

A

used to carry out calculations using references to the contents of other cells. There are many inbuilt functions that can help to carry out calculations.

30
Q

What is the use of the function =SUM

A

add up all the values in the cells in range

31
Q

What is the use of the function =AVERAGE

A

work out the average of all the values in the cells in range

32
Q

What is the use of the function =COUNTIF

A

Count the number of times a value occurs

33
Q

What is the use of the function =LOOKUP

A

look in a range of cells to find a value

34
Q

What is formatting?

A

formatting cells changes how the contents of the cells look - it foes not change the value of the contents

35
Q

What are databases?

A

files of data that are manipulated by database management software.
They are often made up of items of data in fields, fields make up records and record stored in files/

36
Q

What type of text do data types include?

A

text, numeric, boolean, data, and images

37
Q

What do databases allow users to do?

A

enter and edit data.
Users can interrogate the data.
Variation and validation is used as the data is used.

38
Q

How can you sort a database?

A

you can sort it in descending/ascending order(eg 1 to 9, A to Z.)

39
Q

What is searching or querying a database?

A

asking a database to find chosen specific data. This is done by asking the database questions using a chosen criterion that describes the data.

40
Q

What is the symbol < used to show?

A

used to select all those less than a value defined in a criterion

41
Q

What is the symbol > used to show?

A

used to select all those more than a value

42
Q

What is the symbol = used to show?

A

used to select all those exactly equal to

43
Q

What is the symbol OR used to show?

A

used to select alternative criteria at the same time

44
Q

What is the symbol AND used to show?

A

used to select more than one criterion at the same time

45
Q

What is the symbol NOT used to show?

A

used to select all those items that are not equal to the set value

46
Q

What are relational databases?

A

used to keep data in tables that are related to each other. The tables contain records made up of fields, each of which holds a single item of data.

47
Q

What is a primary key?

A

a field in a record that hold unique data and allows that record to be identified among all the other records

48
Q

What 2 keys can be applied to fields in a recreational database?

A 
secondary keys (used for sorting)
Foreign keys (used to link tables)
49
Q

What can spreadsheets be used for?

A

by teachers for keeping exam records
at home for keeping track of finances
engineers to carry out calculations when designing structures

50
Q

what are computer models

A

they use formulas and functions to preform calculations on variables to allow a user to see the outcome of changes without creating the real thing

51
Q

What can a computer model be used for?

A

an outcome can be seen more quickly than if the real thing were to be created
It might be impossible to study the real thing directly (volcanic eruption)

52
Q

What do designers of databases need to consider?

A

how the data is grouped
how the data is linked together
how the data is to be accessed

My IT Revision (10 decks)

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