Manifestations/Classification of Skin Diseases - Johnson Flashcards
1
Q
functions of the skin
A
- protection and support of internal organs
- maintain homeostasis (temp, water and electrolyte balance)
2
Q
melanocytes
A
- pigment cells to the skin
- 1/10 basal cells are melanocytes
3
Q
pemphigus vulgaris
A
- autoimmune
- destruction of desmosomes (glue for squamous epithelial cells)
- keratinocytes separate
4
Q
psoriasis
A
- immune mediated
- hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
- erythema, thick plaques
5
Q
Piebaldism
A
- genetic –> autosomal dominant
- absence of melanocytes (failure of melanoblasts to migrate)
6
Q
vitiligo
A
- autoimmune –> body attacks melanocytes
- associated with diabetes, thyroid, pernicious anemia –> damage other organs
7
Q
most important prognostic indicator for melanoma?
A
breslow depth of lesion
8
Q
recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
A
- defective basement membrane
- no place for epidermis to grow
9
Q
scar tissue
A
- lacks hair and sweat glands
- damaged dermal/epidermal junction (basement membrane)
10
Q
pseudoxanthoma elasticum
A
-elastic tissue defect –> wrinkles aka chicken neck
11
Q
ground substance
A
- salt and water balance (bind water)
- viscosity for support
- promote growth, migration, differentiation
- defect –> mucopolysaccharidoses
12
Q
Eccrine sweat gland
A
- secretory oil
- ducts open to surface
- temperature control
- hyper and anhidrosis
13
Q
apocrine gland
A
- odiferous
- thermoregulation
- ducts open into hair follicle
diseases
- apocrine bromhidrosis –> smelly sweat
- hidradenitis suppurativa –> cysts, nodules, ulcers, fistulas
14
Q
hair follicle growth cycle
A
- anagen –> active growing (ex. pregnancy)
- catagen –> transition
- telogen –> rest
diseases
- telogen effluvium –> hair shedding
- alopecia areata –> balding
15
Q
sebaceous glands
A
- holocrine secretions**
- empty into hair follicle
- protective oil film
disease: acne
16
Q
neurofibromatosis
A
-one of main neural skin diseases
17
Q
flat primary lesions
A
- macule –> small flat
- patch –> large flat
- cannot feel
18
Q
macule diseases
A
- Lentigines: Peutz-Jeghers –> brown macules; associated with chronic polyps
- Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis –> white macules seen in elderly; no sun protection
19
Q
patch disease
A
- cafe au lait: neurofibromatosis
2. vitiligo –> hypopigmented, irregular borders, satellite lesions
20
Q
raised primary lesions
A
- papule –> small bump
- nodule –> larger bump
- plaque. –> raised; flat topped
- cyst –> deeper
- tumor –> larger nodule
21
Q
papule diseases
A
- adenoma sebaceum: tuberous sclerosis –> hyperpigmented papules
- fixed urticaria/insect bites –> red, group like hives
- molluscum contangiosum –> flat top, umbilicate, viral
22
Q
plaque diseases
A
- urticaria –> hive like; juicy feeling
2. psoriasis vulgaris –> deep, red scales
23
Q
cyst diseases
A
- keratinous cyst
2. digital mucous cyst (translucent)
24
Q
nodule diseases
A
- dermal: dermatofibroma –> fibrous dermis (scar tissue)
2. subcutaneous: rheumatoid nodule –> epidermis still intact
25
fluid filled primary lesions
- vesicle aka blisters --> small
- bulla --> large
- pustule --> cloudy, white/yellow fluid
26
herpes infection
- dew drops on a rose peddle
| - red background
27
Dyshidrotic eczema
-abnormal sweating that leads to rash
28
bullous pemphigoid**
- where dermis meets the epidermis (deeper separation)
| - tense bullae
29
pemphigus vulgaris**
- separation of desmosomes in epidermis (more superficial separation)
- flaccid bullae
30
purpuric primary lesions (small bruising)
- hemorrhage into skin or mucous membranes
- size and color variation
- no blanching with pressure (outside the vessel in the dermis)
31
ecchymosis
larger bruising
32
actinic purpura
- due to UV+steroids
| - nonpalpable
33
non-palpable purpura
1. Ecchymosis in amyloidosis
| 2. actinic purpura
34
non-palpable petechia
1. RMSF
| 2. thrombocytopenia
35
palpable purpura
1. leukocytoclastic vasculitis - common in legs; kidney problems, diarrhea, illness
2. Henoch-schonlein purpura - IgA antibody
36
plaque, silvery scales on extensor surfaces?
psoriasis**
37
secondary lesions
```
Scaling/crusting
Erosion
Ulceration
Excoriation
Fissure
Scar
Hyper or Hypo -- Pigmentation
```
38
scaling lesions
1. Guttate Psoriasis - from strep in the tonsils** (look like raindrops)
2. tinea corporis - red, annular patch with some scaling
39
crusting
1. impetigo
| 2. erythema multiforme - hemorrhagic crusting
40
atrophy
1. epidermal atrophy - cigarette paper
| 2. dermal atrophy - inverse plaque, not juicy
41
erosion
- top part of epidermis is gone
1. herpes simplex in HIV
2. erodes bullous pemphigoid
42
ulceration
- infiltrating dermis below the basal membrane
1. Pyoderma Gangrenosum
2. Neuropathic ulceration in a diabetic
43
fissure
- When the epidermis is irritated - occurs when skin becomes dehydrated
1. irritant dermatitis
2. eczema craqule
44
eschar aka scab
- when cutting blood supply off from the skin
1. Eschar in lymphomatoid papulosis
2. Echthyma gangrenosum
45
limited distribution
```
Acral (Distal)
Anogenital
Scattered few
Elbows and/or knees (Extensor surfaces)
Flexural or Intertriginous areas
Bite or trauma site
Lymphangitic
Dermatomal - ex. shingles
Palmoplantar - ex. syphilus, hand-foot-mouth disease
```
46
extensive distribution
```
Widespread
Primarily Truncal
Extensor (arm, leg) - ex. atopic dermatitis
Scattered Haphazard
Symmetric Extremities
Photodistributed - ex. sunburn
Intertriginous - ex. jock itch
Flexural
```
47
what affects children up to 1-2 years old and found on cheeks and extensor surfaces?**
-atopic dermatitis aka eczema**
48
varicella zoster virus
causes chickenpox and shingles
