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OMS II BECOM Exam 1 > Manifestations/Classification of Skin Diseases - Johnson > Flashcards

Manifestations/Classification of Skin Diseases - Johnson Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the skin

A
  • protection and support of internal organs

- maintain homeostasis (temp, water and electrolyte balance)

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2
Q

melanocytes

A
  • pigment cells to the skin

- 1/10 basal cells are melanocytes

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3
Q

pemphigus vulgaris

A
  • autoimmune
  • destruction of desmosomes (glue for squamous epithelial cells)
  • keratinocytes separate
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4
Q

psoriasis

A
  • immune mediated
  • hyperproliferation of keratinocytes
  • erythema, thick plaques
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5
Q

Piebaldism

A
  • genetic –> autosomal dominant

- absence of melanocytes (failure of melanoblasts to migrate)

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6
Q

vitiligo

A
  • autoimmune –> body attacks melanocytes

- associated with diabetes, thyroid, pernicious anemia –> damage other organs

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7
Q

most important prognostic indicator for melanoma?

A

breslow depth of lesion

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8
Q

recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa

A
  • defective basement membrane

- no place for epidermis to grow

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9
Q

scar tissue

A
  • lacks hair and sweat glands

- damaged dermal/epidermal junction (basement membrane)

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10
Q

pseudoxanthoma elasticum

A

-elastic tissue defect –> wrinkles aka chicken neck

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11
Q

ground substance

A
  • salt and water balance (bind water)
  • viscosity for support
  • promote growth, migration, differentiation
  • defect –> mucopolysaccharidoses
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12
Q

Eccrine sweat gland

A
  • secretory oil
  • ducts open to surface
  • temperature control
  • hyper and anhidrosis
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13
Q

apocrine gland

A
  • odiferous
  • thermoregulation
  • ducts open into hair follicle

diseases

  • apocrine bromhidrosis –> smelly sweat
  • hidradenitis suppurativa –> cysts, nodules, ulcers, fistulas
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14
Q

hair follicle growth cycle

A
  1. anagen –> active growing (ex. pregnancy)
  2. catagen –> transition
  3. telogen –> rest

diseases

  • telogen effluvium –> hair shedding
  • alopecia areata –> balding
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15
Q

sebaceous glands

A
  • holocrine secretions**
  • empty into hair follicle
  • protective oil film

disease: acne

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16
Q

neurofibromatosis

A

-one of main neural skin diseases

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17
Q

flat primary lesions

A
  • macule –> small flat
  • patch –> large flat
  • cannot feel
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18
Q

macule diseases

A
  1. Lentigines: Peutz-Jeghers –> brown macules; associated with chronic polyps
  2. Idiopathic Guttate Hypomelanosis –> white macules seen in elderly; no sun protection
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19
Q

patch disease

A
  1. cafe au lait: neurofibromatosis

2. vitiligo –> hypopigmented, irregular borders, satellite lesions

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20
Q

raised primary lesions

A
  • papule –> small bump
  • nodule –> larger bump
  • plaque. –> raised; flat topped
  • cyst –> deeper
  • tumor –> larger nodule
21
Q

papule diseases

A
  1. adenoma sebaceum: tuberous sclerosis –> hyperpigmented papules
  2. fixed urticaria/insect bites –> red, group like hives
  3. molluscum contangiosum –> flat top, umbilicate, viral
22
Q

plaque diseases

A
  1. urticaria –> hive like; juicy feeling

2. psoriasis vulgaris –> deep, red scales

23
Q

cyst diseases

A
  1. keratinous cyst

2. digital mucous cyst (translucent)

24
Q

nodule diseases

A
  1. dermal: dermatofibroma –> fibrous dermis (scar tissue)

2. subcutaneous: rheumatoid nodule –> epidermis still intact

25
Q

fluid filled primary lesions

A
  • vesicle aka blisters –> small
  • bulla –> large
  • pustule –> cloudy, white/yellow fluid
26
Q

herpes infection

A
  • dew drops on a rose peddle

- red background

27
Q

Dyshidrotic eczema

A

-abnormal sweating that leads to rash

28
Q

bullous pemphigoid**

A
  • where dermis meets the epidermis (deeper separation)

- tense bullae

29
Q

pemphigus vulgaris**

A
  • separation of desmosomes in epidermis (more superficial separation)
  • flaccid bullae
30
Q

purpuric primary lesions (small bruising)

A
  • hemorrhage into skin or mucous membranes
  • size and color variation
  • no blanching with pressure (outside the vessel in the dermis)
31
Q

ecchymosis

A

larger bruising

32
Q

actinic purpura

A
  • due to UV+steroids

- nonpalpable

33
Q

non-palpable purpura

A
  1. Ecchymosis in amyloidosis

2. actinic purpura

34
Q

non-palpable petechia

A
  1. RMSF

2. thrombocytopenia

35
Q

palpable purpura

A
  1. leukocytoclastic vasculitis - common in legs; kidney problems, diarrhea, illness
  2. Henoch-schonlein purpura - IgA antibody
36
Q

plaque, silvery scales on extensor surfaces?

A

psoriasis**

37
Q

secondary lesions

A 
Scaling/crusting
Erosion
Ulceration
Excoriation
Fissure
Scar
Hyper or Hypo -- Pigmentation
38
Q

scaling lesions

A
  1. Guttate Psoriasis - from strep in the tonsils** (look like raindrops)
  2. tinea corporis - red, annular patch with some scaling
39
Q

crusting

A
  1. impetigo

2. erythema multiforme - hemorrhagic crusting

40
Q

atrophy

A
  1. epidermal atrophy - cigarette paper

2. dermal atrophy - inverse plaque, not juicy

41
Q

erosion

A
  • top part of epidermis is gone
    1. herpes simplex in HIV
    2. erodes bullous pemphigoid
42
Q

ulceration

A
  • infiltrating dermis below the basal membrane
    1. Pyoderma Gangrenosum
    2. Neuropathic ulceration in a diabetic
43
Q

fissure

A
  • When the epidermis is irritated - occurs when skin becomes dehydrated
    1. irritant dermatitis
    2. eczema craqule
44
Q

eschar aka scab

A
  • when cutting blood supply off from the skin
    1. Eschar in lymphomatoid papulosis
    2. Echthyma gangrenosum
45
Q

limited distribution

A 
Acral (Distal)
Anogenital
Scattered few
Elbows and/or knees (Extensor surfaces)
Flexural or Intertriginous areas
Bite or trauma site
Lymphangitic
Dermatomal - ex. shingles 
Palmoplantar - ex. syphilus, hand-foot-mouth disease
46
Q

extensive distribution

A 
Widespread
Primarily Truncal
Extensor (arm, leg) - ex. atopic dermatitis 
Scattered Haphazard
Symmetric Extremities
Photodistributed - ex. sunburn 
Intertriginous - ex. jock itch 
Flexural
47
Q

what affects children up to 1-2 years old and found on cheeks and extensor surfaces?**

A

-atopic dermatitis aka eczema**

48
Q

varicella zoster virus

A

causes chickenpox and shingles

OMS II BECOM Exam 1 (30 decks)

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