Managing CV Complications Flashcards

1
Q

Give three causes of bradycardia

A
  • Drugs e.g. opioids, alpha 2 ags
  • Hypoxia
  • Excessive vagal tone (caused by tracheal/laryngeal stimulation)
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2
Q

Describe three ways in which you would deal with bradycardias

A
  • Anticholinergics
  • Ionotropes
  • Pacemaker
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3
Q

Give three causes of tachycardia

A
  • Sympathetic stimulation
  • High PaCO2
  • Drugs e.g. anticholinergic and neuromuscular blocking drug
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4
Q

Give three treatments of tachycardia

A
  • Opioid/lidocaine
  • Propranolol quinidine
  • Cats = propranolol tesmolol
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5
Q

Give three causes of ectopic beats

A

Circulating catecholamines due to severe organ disease
Hypoxia/hypercapnia
Anaesthetic drugs

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6
Q

Give three reasons that hypotension may occur

A
  • Low blood pressure
  • Wrong size cuff
  • Problems with transducer positioning (should be level with the heart)
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7
Q

Give three treatments for Hypotension

A

Reduce volatile agent (TIVA/PIVA)

Increase intra venous fluid therapy (IVFT)

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8
Q

Describe electrical alternans

A

Varibility in height of the R wave due to movement of heart in excess fluid of the pericardium = axis change

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