Managers Leadership And Decision Making Flashcards
Treat theory of a leadership style
Writers have argued at all managers and leaders should have traits or characteristics but there is a lot of disagreement about what those traits or characteristics should be
Behavioural theories of leadership styles
Behavioural theories focus on how an individual behaves in a management or leadership role
The theory tries identify the right of leading or management rather than the characteristics of the person
What is autocratic?
The leader makes decision without consultation (example in the army not always bad)
What is democratic
The leader allows their team creative freedom to be involved in decision-making but makes the final decision (a skilled workforce for each team member can make strong contributes inviting opinions but making the final call)
What is Laissez faire
It’s to leave alone and the leader allows a team to make decisions therefore you need to have a skilled workforce to Make there own decisions.
What is paternalistic?
The leader acts in a fatherly way towards the workforce therefore makes decisions but will consult with the workforce first
What is bureaucratic?
Leaders work to rules and relegation, “by the book” in bureaucratic organisation
The tannenbaum-Schmidt continuum explained
4 key words
The tannenbaum-Schmidt continuum is a scale which shows the variablility and difference in leadership
-manager centred leadership
-one is how a leader/manager makes the decisions and tells the staff abt it
-one is he a manager/leader sells decisions to his staff
The middle is where managers present ideas and invites questions from staff also presenting problems and getting suggestion from subordinates then making the final decision with their influence this is called CONSULTING WITH YOUR STAFF
-subordinate-centred leadership
-managers ask groups to make decisions within their limits set
Managers allows team to develop options and decide action defined by managers he JOINS them fully being co-operative with them
overall its showing how u can place people in X or Y and it varies and people can’t be placed in certain categories
Theory X managers view on staff
The average workers is lazy and dislikes works and thinks they need to be controlled and directed
Theory Y managers view on staff
It’s a view where people enjoy work and workers will take responsibility and organise themselves and decision making can be delegated
what is a programmed decision
it’s a decision which often has policies and procedures in place to help you make these decisions and is usually a ‘daily problem’ and info can be gathered quickly
what is a non-programmed decision
a decision that is unique and unfamiliar which requires a unique solution
-for example “entering a new market”
what is a strategic decision
they are long term involving a major commitment in resources and are difficult to reverse
what is a tactical decision
these focus on the short term and involve fewer resources.
-eg choosing to stock a new popular brand of ketchup in a small food shop
what is a scientific decision
using technology to make the decision for you
intuitive decision
it is about “trusting your gut” to make decisions
the value of decision trees
-set out clearly and logically
-can compare the outcomes of different options
-forces managers to consider the impact of possible alternative options
drawback of decision trees
-do not include other qualitative issues such as the workforces reaction to different options to different options
-only an estimate of the probability on different outcomes
-not well suited to strategic decisions
how to do a decision tree
1) times the probability by the pay off (0.2 X 45)
2) do that for success and failure then add them
3) then takeaway the initial cost then that is your net gain
influences on decision making PESTELE
P-politics
E-economics
S-social
T-technology (machines, barcodes etc)
E-environmental (waste management etc)
L-legal
E-economy
what is the distinction between a manager and a leader
managers tell people what to do but leaders set examples and show the employees how to act
what is scientific decision making
a logical and evidence based approach to decision making that involves gathering and analysing data to make informed business decisions
what is the value of using scientific decision making
it’s based off facts and evidence therefore it’s more reliable
what is the difference between uncertainty and risk in decision making
-risk is where outcomes are unknown
-involves situations where outcomes are unknown
