Managerial actions

Question 1

Which instruments can governments use to manage/reduce environmental impacts?

Answer 1

1. Measurement (to measure and determine level/impact)
2. Command and controle (standardize to strictly controle, backed by legislation)
3. Economic (influence behavior through financial means)
4. Voluntary (encourage voluntary commitment).

Question 2

Why would companies take managerial actions for sustainability?

Answer 2

1. to secure future (SDG’s)
2. to proactive avoid strict regulations by governments
3. higher willingness to pay for sustainable tourism
4. longterm profit maximization (demand and supply graph).

Question 3

Explain what EMS is about?

Answer 3

EMS stands for en environmental management system. It’s a set of organization-own-goals/processes/practices to reduce environmental impact and increase efficiency.

It does not dictate a general minimum level nor performance level.

Question 4

Name and explain an example of a standardized EMS?

Answer 4

ISO 1401:

1. setting goals and policies
2. planning (inventory, measurable objectives, action plan)
3. implementation action plan
4. evaluation (monitoring and corrective actions)
5. review (results, evaluation, adjust EMS, back to 1.)

Question 5

What does SMS stand for?

Answer 5

Equal to an EMS, but including economic and social impacts next to environmental impacts.

Question 6

What is the use of a certification?

Answer 6

A certification (or label) can attract more costumers and maximize profit.

Question 7

Explain what GTSC stands for and is about?

Answer 7

Global Sustainable Tourism Council:

• setting global sustainable standard
• providing principles and minimum requirements
• aim to increase sustainable tourism knowledge and practices
• for both public and private sector.

Question 8

What are the GSTC’s sustainable criteria, and give examples?

Answer 8

1. effective sustainable planning (ex. SMS)
2. maximizing social and economic benefits for the local community (ex. buy local)
3. enhancing cultural heritage (ex. cultural interactions)
4. reducing negative impacts to the environment (ex. waste management).

Question 9

What is the link between EMS/SMS and a certification?

Answer 9

• EMS/SMS are not setting any minimum level
• with a certification you can increasing standards and continuously improve the company, thus reducing it’s negative impacts.

Question 10

Which managerial instruments can we use to manage/reduce environmental impacts?

Answer 10

1. EMS/SMS
2. Certification or label
3. Voluntary and mandatory requirements for suppliers

Question 11

For what reason would we introduce voluntary and mandatory requirements for suppliers?

Answer 11

To enhance the supply chain.

To demand this the company must have a certain level of market power.

Question 12

Name voluntary measures?

Answer 12

1. providing practical guidelines

2. encourage certification through incentives.

Question 13

Name mandatory measures?

Answer 13

1. exclusion criteria (ex. excluding hotels in environmentally sensitive areas)
2. requirement criteria (only certified hotels)
3. require existence of EMS/SMS.