Introduction

Question 1

Define a travel?

Answer 1

The activity of travellers.

Question 2

Define a traveller?

Answer 2

Someone who moves between geographical locations for any purpose and duration.

Question 3

Define a (round)trip?

Answer 3

A travel from a person from departure to return.

Can contain visits to different places.

Question 4

Define a visitor?

Answer 4

A traveller making a trip outside usual environment < 1 year, except work.

Question 5

Which types of visitors can you define?

Answer 5

1. Tourist/overnighter (overnight stay).

2. Visitor/excursionist (daytrip).

Question 6

Define tourism?

Answer 6

Activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside of their usual environment < 1 year, except work.

Question 7

Define domestic tourism?

Answer 7

Tourism of resident visitors within country of reference.

Question 8

Define inbound tourism?

Answer 8

Tourism of non-resident visitors within country of reference.

Question 9

Define outbound tourism?

Answer 9

Tourism of residents visitors outside of country of reference.

Question 10

Define internal tourism?

Answer 10

Tourism of visitors within country of reference.

Question 11

Define national tourism?

Answer 11

Tourism of resident visitors in- and outside country of reference.

Question 12

Define international tourism?

Answer 12

Tourism activities of resident visitors outside country of reference and activities of non-resident visitors within country of reference.

Question 13

Define sustainable tourism.

Answer 13

Tourism that takes full account on current and future economic, social and environmental impacts with focus on various stakeholders (hosts, visitors, industry, environment).

Question 14

What are SDG’s and which ones relate to tourism?

Answer 14

Sustainable Development Goals: 17 Mondial goals for developing a sustainable future in every aspect of life, created by the United Nations.

#8: decent work and economic growth
#12: responsible consumption and production
#14: life below water.

Question 15

Describe the history of tourism in brief?

Answer 15

17-18th century: Grand EU tour (male upper class students)
19th century: health tourism (elite escape from industrialization)
19-20th: mobility development (train, air, coach), increasing wages, shorter workweek, more paid leave/lesure time)
After ‘45: rapid growth, working class, package deals)
After ‘70: continuous expansion (more organization/legislation, increasing employment and GDP.

Question 16

What are the determinants of tourism demand?

Answer 16

• Economic (income, pricing)
• Socio-psychological (motivation, social benefits)
• Exogenous (recession, war, epidemic).

Question 17

Describe pre-covid tourism?

Answer 17

• increase of tourist arrivals
• purpose and transport monitoring
• more forecast on growth.

Question 18

What were the pre-covid trends?

Answer 18

1. growing market share (babyboomers and asians)
2. arrivals in merging economies
3. sharing economy
4. spontaneity and impatience
5. wearable tech
6. mobile connectivity
7. responsable and sustainable
8. experiential travel
9. active and adventurous
10. solo traveling
11. intergenerational family holidays (3 generations).

Question 19

How did covid impact tourism?

Answer 19

1. marked by closures
2. unprecedented fall of tourism
3. impact on employment and GDP.

Question 20

What are the trends due to covid?

Answer 20

1. traveling close to home
2. nature/hiking/getaway
3. concerns about health
4. last-minute bookings
5. the young are less concerned than the old
6. more responsible tourism (sustainable, local, authentic).

Question 21

How can the tourism industry recover?

Answer 21

1. linkage between tourism and other sectors
2. pandemic and economic crisis
3. domestic only partially mitigates
4. rethink future
5. opportunity to fairer, more sustainable and resilient tourism
6. actions needed from both governments and private sector
7. focus on working together, vulnerable groups, data, policy making.