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Forensics Y2 > Management Y3 > Flashcards

Management Y3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the IOPC?

A

Independent Office for Police Complaints

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2
Q

Who is allowed into an inner cordon?

A

CSM, CSI, specialists required to attend the scene (regulated access)

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3
Q

3Cs to consider when attending a scene

A

Control
Cordon
CAP

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4
Q

3Ps to consider when attending a scene

A

Photograph
Preserve
Protect

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5
Q

What is the scene examination strategy

A

How we process a scene

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6
Q

What is the forensic strategy

A

How we process exhibits

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7
Q

What is the body recovery strategy

A

How we process the body

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8
Q

What does the SIO do at the scene?

A

Sets objectives and prioritises tasks (should be challenged with reason)

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9
Q

5 evidence types

A

Direct evidence
Circumstantial evidence
Inceptive evidence
Identification evidence
Corroborative evidence

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10
Q

What can the forensic strategy tell us?

A

Eliminates suspects
Link people to scenes
clarify sequence of events
Identify unknown persons
Corroborate/discount witnesses

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11
Q

Considerations for a CSM at a scene

A

Preservation of life
Health and safety
Weather
Information/intelligence
Welfare of staff

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12
Q

What is the full body recovery strategy? (10 steps)

A

-Full sequential photography
-Recover visible trace evidence
-1:1 Tape lifts (zone off body)
-Hair combings/pluckings
-Swab hands, nail clippings
-Swab exposed skin
-Bag hands, head, feet
-Place body onto body sheet
-Remove clothing (circumstantial)
-Wrap body in sheet, place into body bag and seal

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13
Q

Who may attend the scene to review the body in situ?

A

the PATHOLOGIST

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14
Q

Who takes intimate swabs of the deceased?

A

Pathologist

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15
Q

What are the types of search methods? (6)

A

Inner Spiral
Outer Spiral
Line Search
Grid Search
Quadrant/Zone Search
Point to Point Search

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16
Q

Who may be brought in to assist with searching?

A

POLSA (police search advisor)

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17
Q

What is the designated person police reform act 2002?

A

s32, chief constable able to designate anyone to carry out tasks typically done by police within certain parameters

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18
Q

What year is the pace act?

A

PACE 1984

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19
Q

What is SOCAP 2005

A

Lets designated officers execute search warrants under S8 PACE 1984

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20
Q

Police Reform Act 2002

A

Gives designated officers power to search premises after an arrest

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21
Q

Who is responsible for issuing warrants that give designated officers powers to search?

A

High court judge or justice of peace

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22
Q

What is the terrorism act

A

Terrorism act 2000

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23
Q

What is the misuse of drugs act

A

Misuse of drugs ac 1971

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24
Q

What is the theft act?

A

Theft act 1968

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25
Q

What can a s8 search warrant allow?

A

search premises after arrest

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26
Q

What does s18 pace allow?

A

Entry and search of any property from person arrested for indictable offence if evidence is relating to offence and not subject to legal privilege, given by inspectors authority

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27
Q

What is a premises

A

Any vehicle, aircraft, hovercraft
Offshore Installation
Renewable energy installation
Tent or moveable structure

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28
Q

What does s19 pace relate to?

A

Seizing evidence

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29
Q

What does s22 pace relate to?

A

Retention of evidence

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30
Q

What is legal privilege

A

Anything not relevant should be left (e.g letters)

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31
Q

How long after a warrant is issued should it be executed or returned?

A

3 months

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32
Q

What to do when leaving a scene after a warrant has been executed?

A

Opening and closing photographs
Leave copy of warrant with occupier

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33
Q

What can footwear experts at a scene do?

A

Turn intelligence into evidence

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34
Q

Role of footwear expert?

A

Provide independent expert advise on location and recovery of marks

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35
Q

Pre scene attendance qs- footwear

A

What circumstances?
Who has legitimate access?
What footwear worn?
Has anyone been arrested?

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36
Q

When are footwear experts NOT required?

A

When marks can be recovered and recorded

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37
Q

How to recover footprint in snow?

A

silicone spray then dentstone

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38
Q

How to recover footprint in sand?

A

hairspray then dentstone

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39
Q

How to recover footprint in mud?

A

Contain with barrier then dentstone

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40
Q

How to recover footprint in blood?

A

Recover whole item if possible

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41
Q

How to recover tyre impressions?

A

Best roll of tyre

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42
Q

Non destructive footwear techniques

A

High intensity light source
Photography

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43
Q

Destructive footwear techniques

A

ESLA
Gel
Powder
Recover whole item

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44
Q

How to recover footprint on carpet?

A

Cut carpet and recover

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45
Q

What can be used to enhance on porous surfaces?

A

Leuco Crystal Violet

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46
Q

What can be used to enhance blood?

A

Amido Black

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47
Q

What is patent

48
Q

What is latent

49
Q

What is a negative impression

A

Contaminant lifted once dry

50
Q

What is a positive impression

A

Contaminant laid down wet

51
Q

Equipment used to enhance fingerprints

A

Quasar - not very portable
Crime Lite - portable and can have filters

52
Q

Non porous technique for fingerprint enhancement

53
Q

What must be done first for fingerprint examinations

A

Visual examination and photography

54
Q

Dry fingerprint enhancement techniques

A

superglue, powder, genetian violet, luminescent dye, light source

55
Q

Wet fingerprint enhancement techniques

A

SPR, physical developer, modified physical developer

56
Q

When can ninhydrin be used?

A

porous surfaces (plastered walls, paper etc)

57
Q

When can amido black be used?

A

Used on blood (reacts with proteins)

58
Q

How to fingerprint a corpse

A

cover with plastic sheet and portable superglue treatment

59
Q

How to fingerprint a car/vehicle

A

Cover with gazebo and portable superglue

60
Q

How long does ninhydrin take to develop?

61
Q

How many fingerprint features are there?

62
Q

What fingerprint powder would you use on a smooth surface?

A

Flake powder

63
Q

How many points needed to match on a fingerprint for a confirmation?

64
Q

What is the GRIM used for?

A

glass analysis

65
Q

what test is used for semen

A

AP (Acid phosphatase)

66
Q

what test is used for saliva?

67
Q

What would you use for glass anaysis?

68
Q

What does semen fluoresce under?

A

UV, crime lites, (ALS)

69
Q

What technique can give a false positive for semen

A

light sources

70
Q

How to complete the AP test?

A

Lay paper down, spray with water, leave for 30-60 secs. Remove and spray AP.
Turns purple if positive reaction.

71
Q

Does fresher or older blood react more strongly with luminol?

A

Older blood

72
Q

What is a false positive for luminol

A

bleach
faeces
urine
horseradish

73
Q

what specifically does luminol react with

A

Reacts with Iron (rust can provide reaction due to iron oxide)

74
Q

Cordon size for small bombs (minor risk)

75
Q

Cordon size for moderate risk bombs

76
Q

Cordon size for serious risk bombs

77
Q

4 features of a fingerprint

A

Ridge Ending, Bifurcation, Lake, Spur,

78
Q

What can a biologist determine from Glass? (3)

A

Refractive index, evidential value, reason for presence

79
Q

What does luminol react with?

80
Q

When should a biologist be called? (4)

A

When body/body fluids present
Trauma to body
Cause of death not obvious
Death appears to be of sexual nature

81
Q

What does SERM do at DVI scenes?

A

Declaration of life extinct
Cordons
Control scene

82
Q

What classes as a mass fatality

A

Any disaster that is more than local arrangements can manage

83
Q

4 stages of DVI

A

Disaster
PM
AM
Reconcilliation

84
Q

Role of anthropologist (5)

A

Search
Excavate and recover
Questions of identifications
Cause of death
Time since death

85
Q

What can anthropologists determine/tell us?

A

Age, gender, race, cause of death, height, when and how died

86
Q

When is an anthropologist required to attend?

A

Skeletonised remains
Missing persons
Badly decomposed remains
Unidentified remains
Ageing of individuals
Commingled remains
Animal or human remains

87
Q

What is endochondral ossification

A

What anthropologists look for in bones to help with age estimation.

Bone formation process

88
Q

What specifically do anthropologists look for when conducting age estimation examinations?

A

Endochondral Ossification

89
Q

What are baby teeth otherwise known as

A

Deciduous teeth

90
Q

What 2 bones are used to help determine gender

A

Skull and pelvis

91
Q

What is more prominent in male skulls

A

Glabella and supraorbital ridges

92
Q

How to identify clandestine graves?

A

Cadaver dogs,
Fauna,
Drones,
Mounds of earth,
Military images

93
Q

What evidence to look for inside a grave?

A

Footwear marks
Items
Animal activity
Spade cuts

94
Q

What expert handles pollen and flowers?

A

Palynologist

95
Q

What expert handles insects?

A

Entomologist

96
Q

What expert handles clay/dirt/soil etc…

A

Pedologist

97
Q

What is a palynologist?

A

Pollen/flowers

98
Q

What is an entomologist?

99
Q

What is a pedologist?

A

Clay/soil/dirt

100
Q

What year is the human tissue act

101
Q

Who do anthropologists work with?

A

Pathologists, odontologists

102
Q

What colour is a DVI PM form?

103
Q

What colour is a DVI AM form?

104
Q

What DVI book is only used in the UK

A

ACPO DVI Booklet

105
Q

What is cast off?

A

From an object in motion (straight lines)

106
Q

What is transfer marks?

A

Contact between a blood stained surface and another

107
Q

What is ghosting/shadowing?

A

A void in the pattern

108
Q

What is swipe marks?

A

Transfer from a blood stained surface to another with motion

109
Q

What is wipe marks?

A

Altered blood stain caused by an object moving it

110
Q

What is pooling?

A

Accumulation of liquid blood

111
Q

What is expiratory blood?

A

Blood forced out of the mouth, nose, wound

112
Q

What is arterial spurting?

A

Spurting patterns caused by blood pumping

113
Q

What can hair tell us?

A

Racial origin
Animal or human

114
Q

What does PACE cover? (6)

A

Stop and search
Arrest
Detention
Investigation
Identification
Interviewing detainees

115
Q

When was PACE revised?

Forensics Y2 (8 decks)

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