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Forensics Y2 > Casework > Flashcards

Casework Flashcards

1
Q

Order of examination notes (7)

A

Description, condition, damage, hairs & fibres, debris recovery, body fluids, DNA recovery

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2
Q

What colour is blood, saliva and semen in notes?

A

Blood - Red
Saliva - Blue
Semen - Purple

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3
Q

What shape does blood always travel as?

A

Sphere

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4
Q

3 body fluid detection methods

A

Visual, microscopic and chemical

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5
Q

2 presumptive tests for blood

A

Kastle Meyer test (km)
Leucomalachite Green (lmg)

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6
Q

What can be used to find hidden blood?

A

Luminol

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7
Q

3 blood tests

A

Spot test
Screening test
Direct test

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8
Q

What 3 documents cannot be taken to court?

A

Emails
Forensic report
SFR

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9
Q

What MG is an SFR

A

MG22 (a)

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10
Q

What is an SFR?

A

Revised case management procedure for producing forensic evidence in court

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11
Q

What MG will a police officer fill out?

A

MG21

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12
Q

What 2 categories can trace evidence be separated into?

A

Particulates and non particulates

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13
Q

What is the quality management system?

A

Compromises the quality, administration and technical systems that govern the operations of a laboratory

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14
Q

UKAS number for Laboratories

A

17025

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15
Q

UKAS number for crime

A

17020

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16
Q

Who made the codes of practice and conduct?

A

Forensic science regulator

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17
Q

When to use aluminium fingerprint powder?

A

Smooth surfaces; glass or surfaces which are not silver or dark

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18
Q

When to use black magnetic powder?

A

Smooth u-pvc or textured surfaces which are not black

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19
Q

When to use black granular powder?

A

Smooth, silver metal

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20
Q

When to use magneta flake?

A

Smooth or textured surfaces as long as it is dark or similar coloured

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21
Q

When to use white magnetic powder?

A

Dark textured surfaces

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22
Q

What brush do you apply granular powders with?

A

Animal hair brush

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23
Q

Which fingerprint powder cannot be lifted?

A

Granular powders

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24
Q

What to use Ninhydrin on?

A

Paper

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25
Q

What to use superglue treatment on?

A

Non porous surfaces

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26
Q

Non porous fingerprint techniques

A

Sudan black (solvent black 3)
Small particle reagent (spr)
Gentian violet

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27
Q

Porous fingerprint techniques

A

Ninhydrin
Diazafluoren (DFO)
Physics developer (PD)

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28
Q

What surface to use vacuum metal deposition on?

A

Non porous surfaces

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29
Q

What did the AFR turn into?

A

NAFIS - National automated fingerprint identification system

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30
Q

What are the 3 main fingerprint patterns?

A

Loops, whorls and arches

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31
Q

What are the 3 types of loop patterns?

A

Plain, converging and nutant

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32
Q

What are the 2 types of arches?

A

Plain and tented

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33
Q

What are the 5 types of whorls?

A

Spiral, twinned loop, lateral pocket, composite and accidental

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34
Q

What is a ridge ending?

A

The ending of a ridge

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35
Q

What is bifurcation?

A

When a ridge splits in two

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36
Q

What is a lake?

A

A gap in the ridges

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37
Q

What is a spur?

A

A bifurcation with a short ridge branching into a long ridge

38
Q

What are the 2 fixed points in a fingerprint?

A

Core and delta

39
Q

What is a porous surface?

A

Something that water can penetrate

40
Q

What is a non porous surface?

A

Something that water cannot penetrate

41
Q

What is the cuticle of a hair?

A

The outside of the hair

42
Q

What is the cortex of a hair?

A

The colour of the hair

43
Q

What is the medulla of a hair?

A

The centre of the hair

44
Q

What does the cuticle of a human hair look like?

45
Q

What does the cuticle of an animal hair look like?

A

Spikey/scaley

46
Q

What has a coronal hair type?

47
Q

What has a spinous hair type?

48
Q

What has an imbricate hair type?

49
Q

Describe how coronal, spinous and imbricate hairs look

A

Coronal - crown like
Spinous - petal like
Imbricate - flattened

50
Q

What does banding mean in a hair?

A

It’s an animal hair

51
Q

What does it mean if the pigment is concentrated in the centre of the hair?

A

It’s likely human hair

52
Q

What does it mean if the pigment is all over the hair?

A

It’s likely an animal hair

53
Q

What to are the 5 types of medullas you can see?

A

Continuous, interrupted, fragmented, solid and none

54
Q

Life cycle of a hair

A

Anagen, Catagen and telogen

55
Q

Describe the anagen stage of a hair

A

The beginning of a hair, 2-5 years

56
Q

Describe the catagen stage of a hair

A

Starts to die, 6 weeks

57
Q

Describe the telogen stage of a hair

A

Dead hairs, 100 days

58
Q

What stage of hair is good for DNA?

A

Anagen and catagen

59
Q

What shape do animal hairs have?

A

Spear like shape

60
Q

Difference between the root of a cat hair and a dog hair

A

Cat hair roots are frayed at the bottom whereas dog hair roots are spear shaped

61
Q

What shape is the end of a human hair likely to look like?

A

Tapered due to the nature of humans having their hair cut somewhat regularly

62
Q

Which ISO allows for an element of “professional judgement”?

A

ISO 17020 (crime)

63
Q

What medulla is a human likely to have?

A

Continuous

64
Q

What medulla is an animal likely to have?

65
Q

What medulla can appear in both animals and humans

A

Fragmented (more likely in humans but present in animals nonetheless)

66
Q

Key feature of pubic hair

67
Q

Key sign of fire damage on a hair

68
Q

What does it mean if a medulla is 0.5 or more??

A

Likely animal

69
Q

3 categories of natural fibres

A

Animal, vegetable and mineral

70
Q

3 categories of man made fibres

A

Synthetic, natural polymers and other artificial fibres

71
Q

2 types of natural polymer fibres

A

Regenerated fibres (made from natural polymers) and derived fibres (made from chemically modified natural polymers)

72
Q

What kind of fibre (appearance) does a man made fibre have?

A

Filament fibre

73
Q

What kind of fibre (appearance) does a natural fibre have?

74
Q

Appearance of a cotton fibre

75
Q

Appearance of a linen fibre

A

Bamboo like / striations

76
Q

Appearance of asbestos

A

Laser like

77
Q

Appearance of nylon fibres

A

Trilobe cross section

78
Q

4 key features of man made fibres

A

Uniform diameter, lustrous, smooth surface and potentially infinite length

79
Q

What is the NFRC?

A

National footwear reference collection

80
Q

How to begin an examination?

A

Case assessment, MG21, HD & HP, clean bench, note taking

81
Q

What is HD?

A

Defence hypothesis (perpetrator not the suspect)

82
Q

What is HP?

A

Prosecution hypothesis (perpetrator is the suspect)

83
Q

Order of footprint examinations and preservations (inc. oil)

A

Photography, ESLA before gel lift, acetate ontop of gel lift. If oil print, magnetic powder then hairspray.

84
Q

False positives of Luminol

A

Bleach, Gloss

85
Q

What is ESLA?

A

Electrostatic lifting apparatus

86
Q

What is ESDA?

A

Electrostatic detection apparatus

87
Q

What is TLC?

A

Thin Line Chromatography

88
Q

What is gravure?

A

Raised/imprinted writing

89
Q

Level 1 security feature

A

Overt - authenticated using naked eye, no tools needed

90
Q

Level 2 security feature

A

Covert - ultraviolet images, hidden text or images

91
Q

Level 3 security feature

A

Forensic - only viewed using microscopes/specialised equipment in labs. Include nanotech and nano images, document DNA or substrate analysis

Forensics Y2 (8 decks)

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