management of SZ: token economy system Flashcards
what is the primary reinforcer
the rewards received from the tokens
e.g: going on a walk, magazines, tv time
what is a secondary reinforcer
tokens
(generalised reinforcers)
explain the procedure and findings of Ayllon and Azrin (1968) research study
trialled a token economy system in a ward of women with SZ
everytime participants did a task (e.g: made their beds, cleaned up)
they were given a token that said 1 gift token being swapped for a ward privilege
e.g: being able to watch a film
NUMBER OF TASKS CARRIED OUT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASED
in the UK why are token economies being used less
due to the growth of community based care and there are complex ethical issues when restricting rewards to people with mental disorders
BUT TOKEN ECONOMIES ARE STANDARD APPROACH TO MANAGE SZ AROUND THE WORLD
what is the rationale for using token economies
institutionalisation develops under circumstances of long term hospitalisation
what is the outcome of long term hospitalisation
people develop bad habits
(e.g: don’t maintain good hygiene)
who identified the 3 categories of institutionalised behaviour that are tackled by the use of token economies
Matson et al (2016)
what are the 3 categories of institutionalised behaviour identified by Matson et al (2016) that are tackled by the use of token economies
personal care
condition related behaviour
social behaviour
what are the 2 benefits of using token economies to modify behaviours in people with SZ in hospitals
- improves person’s quality of life in a hospital setting
(e.g: makeup for someone who takes pride in their appearance) - normalises behaviour (makes it easier for people who have been in a hospital to adapt back to life in the community)
what rewards can be given to SZ patients in a hospital
sweets
magazine
walk outside
