management of a patient with an obstructed or Compromised Airway

Question 1

_______ is the first step in assessing a patient

Answer 1

Airway management

Question 2

What takes takes priority over management of all other conditions

Answer 2

Prevention of hypoxemia

Question 3

True/False
Supplemental oxygen must be administered to all trauma patients

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Lower Airway consists of

Answer 4

Trachea, its branches, and the lungs.

Question 5

Upper Airway consists of

Answer 5

(a)Nasal cavity
(b)Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx)
(c)Larynx

Question 6

Neural control - Primary control centers come from the…

Answer 6

Medulla and Pons

Question 7

What is the Primary involuntary respiratory center

Answer 7

Medulla

Question 8

_______ pH is the primary control of respiratory center stimulation

Answer 8

Cerebrospinal (CSF)

Question 9

Hypoxic Drive
_______ instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle.

Answer 9

Chemoreceptors

Question 10

The ______ is a late homeostatic system designed to increas erespiration rate and depth (tidal volume) when the body’s arterial oxygen levels (SaO2) decreases significantly

Answer 10

hypoxic drive

Question 11

Definition of what?
Is when there is no oxygen available at all

Answer 11

Anoxia

Question 12

What is this
SaO2

Answer 12

Arterial oxygen saturation

Question 13

What is this
PaO2

Answer 13

Arterial oxygen tension

Question 14

_______ is the fraction or percentage of oxygen in the space being measured

Answer 14

Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)

Question 15

Definition of what?
Literally means “deficient in oxygen”, that is an abnormally low oxygen availability to the body or an individual tissue or organ.

Answer 15

Hypoxia

Question 16

Definition of what?
Insufficient oxygenation; that is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood

Answer 16

Hypoxemia

Question 17

Normal pulse oximeter readings range from _______ percent, under most circumstances.

Answer 17

95 to 100

Question 18

A pulse Ox saturation of less than ___% is a clinical emergency.

Answer 18

90

Question 19

Indications for Oxygen Therapy

Answer 19

(1) Cardiac and respiratory arrest
(2) Hypoxemia (pO2 < 58.5 mmHg, Sat < 90%)
(3) Hypotension (Systolic BP < 100 mmHg)
(4) Low Cardiac Output and Metabolic Acidosis (serum bicarbonate < 19 mmol/l)
(5) Respiratory distress (RR > 24/min)

Question 20

When is O2 therapy contraindicated

Answer 20

No absolute contraindications of oxygen therapy exist when indications are judgedto be present

Question 21

What airway delivery device?
Air is administered to the patient when the emergency responder exhales through a one-way filter valve

Answer 21

Pocket Mask

Question 22

What airway delivery device?
Two prongs inserted just inside anterior nares and supported on alight frame.
(a)Oxygen is supplied at rates of 1-4 liters/min resulting in inspired concentration of approximately 25-30%

Answer 22

Nasal Cannula

Question 23

What airway delivery device?
A handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately.

Answer 23

Bag-Valve Mask

Question 24

What airway delivery device?
-Has valves prevent room air from entering the mask but allow exhaled air to leave the mask.
-It has a reservoir bag like a partial rebreather mask but the reservoir bag has aone-way valve that prevents exhaled air from entering the reservoir.

Answer 24

Non-Rebreather Mask

Question 25

The non-rebreather mask is utilized for patients with what conditions?

Answer 25

1) Physical trauma
2) Chronic airway limitation/chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
3) Cluster headache
4) Smoke inhalation
5) Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 26

What airway delivery device?
Complete control over the composition of the inspired gas is available. Patient is mechanically ventilated via endotracheal tube, cricothyroidotomy, or tracheostomy tube

Answer 26

Ventilators

Question 27

What airway delivery device?
100% oxygen is given at an increased pressure of 3 atm. Since normal air is 20% oxygen, pure oxygen would be 5 times more oxygen, and at 3times normal air pressure, a patient gets 15 times more oxygen than normal.

Answer 27

Hyperbaric Oxygen

Question 28

What are indications for hyperbaric oxygen?

Answer 28

(a) Decompression illness (the “bends”)
(b) Carbon monoxide poisoning
(c) Radiation necrosis
(d) Reconstructive surgery
(e) Some infection, wounds

Question 29

________ may result from the long-term exposure to partially reduced oxygen products which alter the metabolic function and structure of lung cells.

Answer 29

Oxygen toxicity

Question 30

Management of the airway in trauma casualties takes precedence over all other procedures.. why?

Answer 30

without an adequate airway, a positive outcome cannot be achieved

Question 31

________ is the only procedure that will take prescience over airway

Answer 31

Massive bleeding

Question 32

______ is the most common cause of airway obstruction

Answer 32

The tongue

Question 33

__________ maneuver is used to relieve a variety of anatomic airway obstructions in casualties who are breathing spontaneously.
2) The chin and lower incisors are grasped and then lifted to pull the mandible forward.
3) The provider uses universal precautions (wears gloves) to avoid body fluid contamination.

Answer 33

The trauma chin lift

Question 34

What maneuver?
1) In casualties with suspected head, neck, or facial trauma, the cervical spine is maintained in a neutral inline position.
2) This maneuver allows the provider to open the airway with little or no movement of the head and cervical spine.

Answer 34

trauma jaw thrust

Question 35

The use of the ________, particularly during BVM ventilation, aids in preventing aspiration.

Answer 35

Sellick Maneuver

Question 36

How is the Sellick Maneuver applied?

Answer 36

apply gentle posterior pressure to the patient’s cricoid cartilage to close off the esophagus

Question 37

What does BURP stand for

Answer 37

Backward, upward, and rightward pressure……… on the larynx

Question 38

This maneuver improves the visualization of the larynx structures and eases the intubation

Answer 38

BURP Maneuver

Question 39

True/False
You can perform manual airway maneuvers on a conscious patient.

Answer 39

FALSE