management of a patient with an obstructed or Compromised Airway Flashcards
_______ is the first step in assessing a patient
Airway management
What takes takes priority over management of all other conditions
Prevention of hypoxemia
True/False
Supplemental oxygen must be administered to all trauma patients
True
Lower Airway consists of
Trachea, its branches, and the lungs.
Upper Airway consists of
(a)Nasal cavity
(b)Pharynx (nasopharynx, oropharynx, and hypopharynx)
(c)Larynx
Neural control - Primary control centers come from the…
Medulla and Pons
What is the Primary involuntary respiratory center
Medulla
_______ pH is the primary control of respiratory center stimulation
Cerebrospinal (CSF)
Hypoxic Drive
_______ instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate the respiratory cycle.
Chemoreceptors
The ______ is a late homeostatic system designed to increas erespiration rate and depth (tidal volume) when the body’s arterial oxygen levels (SaO2) decreases significantly
hypoxic drive
Definition of what?
Is when there is no oxygen available at all
Anoxia
What is this
SaO2
Arterial oxygen saturation
What is this
PaO2
Arterial oxygen tension
_______ is the fraction or percentage of oxygen in the space being measured
Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2)
Definition of what?
Literally means “deficient in oxygen”, that is an abnormally low oxygen availability to the body or an individual tissue or organ.
Hypoxia
Definition of what?
Insufficient oxygenation; that is decreased partial pressure of oxygen in blood
Hypoxemia
Normal pulse oximeter readings range from _______ percent, under most circumstances.
95 to 100
A pulse Ox saturation of less than ___% is a clinical emergency.
90
Indications for Oxygen Therapy
(1) Cardiac and respiratory arrest
(2) Hypoxemia (pO2 < 58.5 mmHg, Sat < 90%)
(3) Hypotension (Systolic BP < 100 mmHg)
(4) Low Cardiac Output and Metabolic Acidosis (serum bicarbonate < 19 mmol/l)
(5) Respiratory distress (RR > 24/min)
When is O2 therapy contraindicated
No absolute contraindications of oxygen therapy exist when indications are judgedto be present
What airway delivery device?
Air is administered to the patient when the emergency responder exhales through a one-way filter valve
Pocket Mask
What airway delivery device?
Two prongs inserted just inside anterior nares and supported on alight frame.
(a)Oxygen is supplied at rates of 1-4 liters/min resulting in inspired concentration of approximately 25-30%
Nasal Cannula
What airway delivery device?
A handheld device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or who is breathing inadequately.
Bag-Valve Mask
What airway delivery device?
-Has valves prevent room air from entering the mask but allow exhaled air to leave the mask.
-It has a reservoir bag like a partial rebreather mask but the reservoir bag has aone-way valve that prevents exhaled air from entering the reservoir.
Non-Rebreather Mask
The non-rebreather mask is utilized for patients with what conditions?
1) Physical trauma
2) Chronic airway limitation/chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
3) Cluster headache
4) Smoke inhalation
5) Carbon monoxide poisoning
What airway delivery device?
Complete control over the composition of the inspired gas is available. Patient is mechanically ventilated via endotracheal tube, cricothyroidotomy, or tracheostomy tube
Ventilators
What airway delivery device?
100% oxygen is given at an increased pressure of 3 atm. Since normal air is 20% oxygen, pure oxygen would be 5 times more oxygen, and at 3times normal air pressure, a patient gets 15 times more oxygen than normal.
Hyperbaric Oxygen
What are indications for hyperbaric oxygen?
(a) Decompression illness (the “bends”)
(b) Carbon monoxide poisoning
(c) Radiation necrosis
(d) Reconstructive surgery
(e) Some infection, wounds
________ may result from the long-term exposure to partially reduced oxygen products which alter the metabolic function and structure of lung cells.
Oxygen toxicity
Management of the airway in trauma casualties takes precedence over all other procedures.. why?
without an adequate airway, a positive outcome cannot be achieved
________ is the only procedure that will take prescience over airway
Massive bleeding
______ is the most common cause of airway obstruction
The tongue
__________ maneuver is used to relieve a variety of anatomic airway obstructions in casualties who are breathing spontaneously.
2) The chin and lower incisors are grasped and then lifted to pull the mandible forward.
3) The provider uses universal precautions (wears gloves) to avoid body fluid contamination.
The trauma chin lift
What maneuver?
1) In casualties with suspected head, neck, or facial trauma, the cervical spine is maintained in a neutral inline position.
2) This maneuver allows the provider to open the airway with little or no movement of the head and cervical spine.
trauma jaw thrust
The use of the ________, particularly during BVM ventilation, aids in preventing aspiration.
Sellick Maneuver
How is the Sellick Maneuver applied?
apply gentle posterior pressure to the patient’s cricoid cartilage to close off the esophagus
What does BURP stand for
Backward, upward, and rightward pressure……… on the larynx
This maneuver improves the visualization of the larynx structures and eases the intubation
BURP Maneuver
True/False
You can perform manual airway maneuvers on a conscious patient.
FALSE
