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HR business > Management and leadership > Flashcards

Management and leadership Flashcards

1
Q

What is management ?

A

The creating, controlling and directing of the business’s resources in order to achieve its objectives

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2
Q

What is leadership ?

A

The ability to influence and direct people in order to meet the goals of a group

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3
Q

What is a leader ?

A

Someone that can inspire and motivate people to meet objectives

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4
Q

What are the functions and roles of management ?

A
  1. Planning
  2. Leading
  3. Organising
  4. Controlling all aspects of the business
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5
Q

What is management by objectives (MBO) ?

A

Improving the business performance through clearly defined objectives for managers and employees.

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6
Q

What do objectives need to be ?

A

SMART :
Specific - should meet specific needs and wants of customers and the organisation
Measurable - anyone can see whether they have been achieved
Achievable - challenging, not impossible
Relevant - needs of business and stakeholders
Timely - specific time scale attached to them

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7
Q

What are the advantages of management by objectives ?

A
  1. Show clear objectives
  2. Show clear idea of priorities managers should have
  3. Sense of belonging and worth
  4. Everyone focused on the same goal
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8
Q

What are the disadvantages of management by objectives ?

A
  1. Costly and time consuming to be effective
  2. Objectives set often aren’t SMART, leading to demotivation
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9
Q

What is McGregor’s theory X and theory Y ?

A

Outlines two styles of management, only managers assumptions

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10
Q

What is theory X ?

A
  1. Managers take pessimistic view of workers
  2. Believe they dislike work
  3. Motivated by rewards and punishments
  4. Avoid responsibility
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11
Q

What is theory Y ?

A
  1. Managers have positive view of workers
  2. Trust-based, encourage collaboration
  3. Support workers taking on responsibility and developing skills
  4. Workers are happy working on own initiative and are self-motivated
  5. Want to be involved in decision-making
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12
Q

What are the five leadership styles ?

A
  1. Autocratic
  2. Paternalistic
  3. Democratic
  4. Laissez-faire
  5. Bureaucratic
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13
Q

What is the autocratic leadership style ?

A

Leader makes all decisions independently of employees without consultation

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14
Q

What motivational theory does autocratic leadership style support ?

A

F.W. Taylor’s scientific management theory

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15
Q

What are the disadvantages of autocratic leadership style ?

A
  1. Little delegation
  2. Employees may feel undervalued and demotivation
  3. Loss of productivity
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16
Q

What is the paternalistic leadership style ?

A

When the leader is interested in workers wellbeing and acts as a paternal figure, consulting employees and listening to feedback and opinions, while still making final decisions

17
Q

What motivational theories does paternalistic leadership style support ?

A

Mayo and Maslow’s theories of motivation

18
Q

What are the advantages of the paternalistic leadership style ?

A
  1. Employees feel valued and recognised
  2. Staff motivation
  3. Understand why decisions are made
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of the paternalistic leadership style ?

A

1.Little delegation
2. Opportunities for employee to influence decisions are limited

20
Q

What is the democratic leadership style ?

A

Leader encourages others to participate in decision making through consultation

21
Q

What motivational theories does the democratic leadership style support ?

A

Herzberg’s two factory theory

22
Q

What is an advantage of the democratic leadership style ?

A

Employees more likely to commit to decisions they have been involved in making

23
Q

What is a disadvantage of the democratic leadership style ?

A

Consultation-based decisions take long time to make, business is not responsive to change

24
Q

What is the laissez-faire leadership style ?

A

Allows the team to make decisions

25
Q

What is an advantage of the laissez-faire leadership style ?

A

Innovation and empowerment may lead to competitive advantage

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of the laissez-faire leadership style ?

A
  1. May be little incentive to work hard
  2. Lines of communication may be confused
  3. Lower productivity
27
Q

What is the bureaucratic leadership style ?

A

Fixed duties in the hierarchy of authority, l=where leader applies set of rules to make decisions

28
Q

What are the advantages of the bureaucratic leadership style ?

A
  1. Can easily replicate leadership across its network
  2. Efficiently manage tasks who do repetitive tasks
29
Q

What is a disadvantage of the bureaucratic leadership style ?

A
  1. Can stifle managers
  2. Staff who are innovative can lead to demotivation and lower productivity
30
Q

What are the two leadership theories ?

A
  1. F. Fielder’s contingency theory
  2. P. Wright and D.Taylor’s theory
31
Q

What is F. Fielder’s contingency theory ?

A

No strict style of leadership, it depends on the situation. Based on personality and characteristics of leaders

32
Q

What are the two types of orientation of F. Fielder’s contingency theory ?

A
  1. Relationship-orientated - effective in less extreme circumstances
  2. Task-orientated - better in extreme situations
33
Q

What is P. Wirght and D. Taylor’s theory ?

A

Leadership is based around behaviour and not power. It required leaders to prioritise activities by eliminating unnecessary activities and delegate

HR business (11 decks)

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