MANAGEMENT Flashcards
It is defined as a group of people working towards the same goal.
organization
is the degree to which the organizations achieves goals
Effectiveness
is the use of minimal resources to produce desired output
Efficiency
is the attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources.
Management
are the executive function of the organization tasked to build and coordinate entire systems. They are also responsible in creating the right environment to ensure that the department or organization will survive and thrive.
Managers
what are the management functions?
Planning, Controlling, leading, and organizing
Select goals and ways to attain them
Planning
Monitors activities and make corrections
controlling
Assign responsibility for task accomplishments
Organizing
Use influence to motivate employees
Leading
Management levels in org hierarchy
CEO, Business Unit Head, Department Manager, Functional head, nonmanagerial employees
CEO
corporate or group head
and Vice-P. of administration
Business Unit Head
General manager and administration.
Department Manager
Production line or service manager and info service manager
Functional head
production, sales, R&D supervisor and IT, HRM, and Accounting supervisor
nonmanagerial employees
Line jobs and staff jobs
These managers are directly responsible for the production of goods and services. They are responsible for facilitating individual employee performance. Their primary concern is the application of rules and procedures to achieve efficient production, provide technical assistance, and motivate subordinates.
First-Level Managers
These managers are concerned less with individual performance and more with linking groups of people, such as allocating resources, coordinating teams, or putting top management plans into action across the organization. They are responsible for implementing the overall strategies and policies defined by top managers.
Middle Managers
They are responsible for the entire organization. responsible for setting organizational goals, defining strategies for achieving them, monitoring and interpreting the external environment, and making decisions that affect the entire organization. They look to the long-term future (Vision and Mission) and concern themselves with general environmental trends and the organization’s overall success.
Top-Level Managers
defined as a set of behavior and job tasks employees are expected to perform
Roles
defined as abilities individuals possess that enable them to carry out their specified roles well.
skills
Management Roles
Decision Making Roles, Information Management Roles , Interpersonal Roles
Informational
Monitor, Disseminator, spokesperson
Interpersonal
Figurehead, leader, liaison
Decisional
Entrepreneur, Disturbance handler, resource allocator, and negotiator
Management skills
Conceptual Skills , Human Skills, Technical Skills
Cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole system.
Conceptual Skills
The ability to work with and through other people.
Human Skills
The understanding and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks.
Technical Skills
The era proposed that workers “could be retooled like machines, their physical and mental gears recalibrated for better productivity.” It insisted that improving productivity meant that management itself would have to change and, further, that the manner of change could be determined only by scientific study.
Scientific Management
This era focused on the total organization rather than simply the output.
Administrative Movement
- A chain of authority extends from the top to the bottom of the organization and should include every employee.
Scalar chain -
Similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager.
• Unity of direction
Managerial work and technical work are amenable to specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of effort.
• Division of work -
Each subordinate receives orders from one, and only one, superior.
• Unity of command
The era believed that the human element had a greater impact on determining output and reaction to change than did the technical factor. It
Human Relations Movement
This era uses scientific methods and draws from sociology, psychology, anthropology, economics, and other disciplines to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting. This approach can be seen in practically every organization.
Behavioral and Management Science
The material, human, financial, or information resources used to produce goods and services.
• Inputs -
• - Management’s use of production technology to change the inputs into outputs.
• Transformation process
Include the organization’s products and services.
• Outputs
Knowledge of the results that influence the selection of inputs during the next cycle of the process.
• Feedback
Surrounding the organization includes the social, political, and economic forces.
• Environment
tells us that what works in one setting might not work in another. means that one thing depends on other things and a manager’s response to a situation depends on identifying key contingencies in an organizational situation.
Contingency View
TQM focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers. The approach infuses quality values throughout every activity within a company, with frontline workers intimately involved in the process.
Total Quality Management (TQM)
organization all employees look for problems, such as understanding special customer needs. Employees also solve problems, which means putting things together in unique ways to meet a customer’s needs. Today’s best managers know that sustained competitive advantage can come only by developing the learning capacity of everyone in the organization.
The Learning Organization
, many employees perform much of their work on computers and may work in virtual teams, connected electronically to colleagues around the world. Companies are using technology to keep in touch with customers and collaborate with other organizations.
Technology Driven Workplace
A system managing the sequence of suppliers and purchasers, covering all stages of processing from obtaining raw materials to distributing finished goods to consumers
• Supply Chain Management -
systems use the latest information technology to keep in close touch with customers and to collect and manage large amounts of customer data. These data can help employees and managers act on customer insights, make better decisions, and provide superior customer service.
• Customer Relationship Management
Contracting out selected functions or activities to other organizations that can do the work more cost efficiently.
• Outsourcing
