Management Flashcards
What are the ‘three Rs’ under the Canadian Council for Animal Care’s (CCAC) fish welfare guidelines?
What do they mean?
Replace - try not to use animals.
Reduce - use as few animals as possible.
Refine - minimize pain and distress to animals being used.
(CCAC, 2005)
What is a fishery?
According to the FAO, a fishery is defined by:
The people involved
Which species are targeted
Area of water (i.e. habitat)
Method of fishing
Purpose of the activities
They target more than just fish e.g., Molluscs (bivalves, snails); crustaceans (lobsters, crabs); sea urchins; sponges; other inverts; not to mention bycatch
(BIOL 4503 Notes)
Feeling-Based Fish Welfare
What issues does it have?
Requires that animal should feel well, be free from negative experiences such as pain or fear and have access to positive experiences.
Subjective because depends on the mental state of the animal and our understanding of what these states are.
(BIOL 4503)
Function-Based Fish Welfare
Centre on animal’s ability to adapt to its present environment.
Welfare requires that the animal be in good health with its biological systems functioning appropriately.
Based on quantifiable physiological measures of the fish, e.g., measuring their glucose levels for determining their stress level.
Fisheries tend to focus on this definition rather than feeling-based one.
(BIOL 4503 Notes)
Single Species Management
What are its benefits and disadvantages?
The management of a single species with the belief that what benefits that individual species will benefit many other species as well.
Sometimes effective and sometimes easier to get money for a single popular species.
Often not effective for the non-focal species.
(Runge et al, 2019)
Ecosystem Management
Looks at a whole system rather than its individual parts and tries to include all stakeholders in finding sustainable ways for people to interact with that system.
(Szaro, 1998)
What are some of the critical components of ecosystem management?
It’s scale dependent so managers need to frame problems and solutions at the appropriate scale.
Need to consider impacts on ecosystem by surrounding areas.
There’s no ‘right’ answer; management will be context-dependent.
(Szaro, 1998)
