Mammals as Consumers book 2

Question 0

What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 0

To transport nutrients and oxygen to cells

Question 1

What is the cardivascular system?

Answer 1

The heart and all the blood vessels

Question 2

What are the 3 main componenets of the cardio system?

Answer 2

• the heart
• the blood vessels
• the blood

Question 3

What does the heart do?

Answer 3

Pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels

Question 4

What do the blood vessels do?

Answer 4

Carry the blood around the body

Question 5

What is the heart?

Answer 5

It is a muscular pump

Question 6

What does the blood do?

Answer 6

• Transports red blood cells which transport oxygen
• Transports hormones, nutrients and waste product to and fro cell in the plasma
• Contains white blood cells which fight off infection
• Contains platelets which block of cuts in the body
• To cool the muscles and organs down by circulating the hot blood to the skin

Question 7

What are the 4 chamber of a heart?

Answer 7

• Right atrium
• Right ventricle
• Left atrium
• Left ventricle

Question 8

What is the order which blood goes into the heart through the vena cava and out the atrium

Answer 8

Vena cava –> Right atrium –> Right ventricle –> Pulomonary artery –> Lungs –> pulomonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle – Aorta

Question 9

Describe the structure of a capillary

Answer 9

-capillary wall have 1 cell thick epithelial wall (allows nutrients, hormones and waste to be easily diffused into and from blood, also INCREASES surface are to volume ratio)
-capillaries have a very small lumen (diameter of blood vessel) which allows only 1 blood cell through at a time, blood vessels are single file
(FYI capillaries are the most common blood vessel in the body able to deliver nutrients, and homrones and take waste from indivisual cells)

Question 10

What are the differences between arteries and veins?

Answer 10

• Arteries have a very thick muscular wall to tranpsort blood at a high pressure, veins have a thin muscular wall as they only have to transport blood at a low pressure
• Arteries transport blood away from the heart, veins transport blood to the heart
• Arteries have a dense connective tissue to prevent rupture, veins just have normal connective tissue
• Veins have valves to stop the backflow of de-oxygenated blood while arteries have no valves

Question 12

What is the lymph system?

Answer 12

• A system that absorbs excess fluids that are leaked by cells and blood vessels, like a gutter that drains away overflow
• transports fatty acids and glycerol throughout the body

Question 13

How does ‘overflow’ occur?

Answer 13

Fluids in the arteries are being transported at a very high pressure, this causes some of the fluids to be forced out of the arteries into the surrounding tissue

Question 14

Why is the Lymph system important?

Answer 14

If the excess fluids were not absorbed then the chance of infection of the cells is increased

Question 15

What happens to the fluid once it is absorbed by the Lymph system?

Answer 15

It is drained back into the bloodstream just before the major veins that enter the heart (Subclavian vein FYI)

Question 16

What is blood made of?

Answer 16

• 50% is plasma (plasma contains water with dissolved nutrients [glucose, amino acids, vitamins etc.], hormones, enzymes and waste products
• Red blood cells (transport oxygen to cells)
• White blood cells (fight foreign cells)
• Platelets (a blood clotting protein)

Question 17

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 17

It is the chemical process of metabolising food into energy that occurs in every living cell (occurs in the mitochondria FYI)

Question 18

What system does the body use to get oxygen in and CO2 out?

Answer 18

Respiratory system

Question 19

What is the respiratory system?

Answer 19

It is the lungs and all other parts that are associated with the lungs (larynx, bronchiole, alveoli, diaphragm etc. FYI)

Question 20

How do we inhale/exhale?

Answer 20

• When we inhale our diaphragm contracts, this lowers the air pressure in our lungs and by diffusion brings in air
• When we exhale our diaphragm relaxes, this increase the air pressure in our lungs and by diffusion pushes air out

Question 21

What is gas exchange?

Answer 21

It is the the process of oxygen and CO2 moving from high density areas to low density areas within the alveoli

Question 22

How does gas exchange put oxygen in our lungs and CO2 out?

Answer 22

• When blood comes into the capillaries in the alveolus, it is high in CO2 and low in oxygen
• when we inhale the air has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of CO2
• by diffusion, oxygen diffuses into the capillaries with low concentrations of oxygen, CO2 diffuses out of the capillaries into the lungs with low concentrations of CO2

Question 23

What gases are present in the air we breathe in and what percent is it?

Answer 23

Nitrogen - 79%
Oxygen - 21%
CO2 - 0.04%
H2O vapour - very little

Question 24

What gases are present in the air we breathe out and what percent is it?

Answer 24

Nitrogen - 79%
Oxygen - 16%
CO2 - 4%
H2O vapour - saturated

Question 25

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 25

• Aerobic respiration is when glucose and oxygen combine to create CO2+H2O and lots of energy, very efficient and could last indefinitely
• Anaerobic respiration is when glucose converts into Lactic acid

Question 26

What is the aerobic respiration word and chemical formula?

Answer 26

Glucose+Oxygen–>Carbon Dioxide+Water+Energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2—> 6CO2 + 6H20 + Energy

Question 27

What is the anaerobic respiration word and chemical formula?

Answer 27

Glucose–>Lactic acid+small amount of energy

C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3 + Energy