Mammals as Consumers book 2 Flashcards
What is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?
To transport nutrients and oxygen to cells
What is the cardivascular system?
The heart and all the blood vessels
What are the 3 main componenets of the cardio system?
- the heart
- the blood vessels
- the blood
What does the heart do?
Pumps blood around the body through the blood vessels
What do the blood vessels do?
Carry the blood around the body
What is the heart?
It is a muscular pump
What does the blood do?
- Transports red blood cells which transport oxygen
- Transports hormones, nutrients and waste product to and fro cell in the plasma
- Contains white blood cells which fight off infection
- Contains platelets which block of cuts in the body
- To cool the muscles and organs down by circulating the hot blood to the skin
What are the 4 chamber of a heart?
- Right atrium
- Right ventricle
- Left atrium
- Left ventricle
What is the order which blood goes into the heart through the vena cava and out the atrium
Vena cava –> Right atrium –> Right ventricle –> Pulomonary artery –> Lungs –> pulomonary vein –> left atrium –> left ventricle – Aorta
Describe the structure of a capillary
-capillary wall have 1 cell thick epithelial wall (allows nutrients, hormones and waste to be easily diffused into and from blood, also INCREASES surface are to volume ratio)
-capillaries have a very small lumen (diameter of blood vessel) which allows only 1 blood cell through at a time, blood vessels are single file
(FYI capillaries are the most common blood vessel in the body able to deliver nutrients, and homrones and take waste from indivisual cells)
What are the differences between arteries and veins?
- Arteries have a very thick muscular wall to tranpsort blood at a high pressure, veins have a thin muscular wall as they only have to transport blood at a low pressure
- Arteries transport blood away from the heart, veins transport blood to the heart
- Arteries have a dense connective tissue to prevent rupture, veins just have normal connective tissue
- Veins have valves to stop the backflow of de-oxygenated blood while arteries have no valves
What is the lymph system?
- A system that absorbs excess fluids that are leaked by cells and blood vessels, like a gutter that drains away overflow
- transports fatty acids and glycerol throughout the body
How does ‘overflow’ occur?
Fluids in the arteries are being transported at a very high pressure, this causes some of the fluids to be forced out of the arteries into the surrounding tissue
Why is the Lymph system important?
If the excess fluids were not absorbed then the chance of infection of the cells is increased
What happens to the fluid once it is absorbed by the Lymph system?
It is drained back into the bloodstream just before the major veins that enter the heart (Subclavian vein FYI)
What is blood made of?
- 50% is plasma (plasma contains water with dissolved nutrients [glucose, amino acids, vitamins etc.], hormones, enzymes and waste products
- Red blood cells (transport oxygen to cells)
- White blood cells (fight foreign cells)
- Platelets (a blood clotting protein)
What is cellular respiration?
It is the chemical process of metabolising food into energy that occurs in every living cell (occurs in the mitochondria FYI)
What system does the body use to get oxygen in and CO2 out?
Respiratory system
What is the respiratory system?
It is the lungs and all other parts that are associated with the lungs (larynx, bronchiole, alveoli, diaphragm etc. FYI)
How do we inhale/exhale?
- When we inhale our diaphragm contracts, this lowers the air pressure in our lungs and by diffusion brings in air
- When we exhale our diaphragm relaxes, this increase the air pressure in our lungs and by diffusion pushes air out
What is gas exchange?
It is the the process of oxygen and CO2 moving from high density areas to low density areas within the alveoli
How does gas exchange put oxygen in our lungs and CO2 out?
- When blood comes into the capillaries in the alveolus, it is high in CO2 and low in oxygen
- when we inhale the air has a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of CO2
- by diffusion, oxygen diffuses into the capillaries with low concentrations of oxygen, CO2 diffuses out of the capillaries into the lungs with low concentrations of CO2
What gases are present in the air we breathe in and what percent is it?
Nitrogen - 79%
Oxygen - 21%
CO2 - 0.04%
H2O vapour - very little
What gases are present in the air we breathe out and what percent is it?
Nitrogen - 79%
Oxygen - 16%
CO2 - 4%
H2O vapour - saturated
