Mammals

Question 1

What is the largest mammal?

Answer 1

Blue whale

Question 2

What are the smallest mammals by body mass?

Answer 2

Etruscan Shrew

Question 3

What are the smallest mammal by body size?

Answer 3

Bumblebee bat

Question 4

What are features of mammals?

Answer 4

Mammary glands
Hair 
Neocortex 
3 middle ear bones
Single lower jaw bone attached to skull 
Complex placenta

Question 5

What are the three major groups of according to pattern of embryonic development?

Answer 5

Prototheria (monotremes)
Metatheria (marsupials)
Eutheria (placentals)

Question 6

When did shrew like mammals first appear?

Answer 6

Triassic (225-195mya)

Question 7

What reptiles did mammals evoke from?

Answer 7

Synapsid reptiles

Question 8

When did mammals diverse further?

Answer 8

100 million years ago

Question 9

How many mammal species are there?

Answer 9

5500

Question 10

How many orders of mammals are there?

Answer 10

28

Question 11

What are features of monotremes?

Answer 11

Primitive
Egg laying 
5 species 
Eg platypus 
One opening 
No nipples 
Spur on the hind leg

Question 12

What are features of marsupials?

Answer 12

Give birth to poorly developed young
Young develop in the pouch
7 orders
Convergent evolution

Question 13

What are features of the rodents?

Answer 13

1 pair of continuously growing incisors in each jaw
Many herbivorous but some omnivorous
Hugely dominates mammals (most)

Question 14

What are features of Lagomorpha?

Answer 14

2 pairs of incisors in upper jaw

Eg rabbits and hares

Question 15

What are features of Primates?

Answer 15

Distinctive skeletal structure, opposable thumb, large brain
Intelligent

Question 16

What are features of Insectivores?

Answer 16

Small ground dwelling
Insectivorous
Eg mole shrew

Question 17

What are features of Chiroptera?

Answer 17

Bats
Webbed wings 
Large fruit bats and echo locating bats 
Disease vectors 
Highly diverse

Question 18

What are features of carnivores?

Answer 18

Distinctive skull structure
Mostly meat eaters
Eg cat dog
Top predators

Question 19

What are features of Ungulates?

Answer 19

Hoofed mammal
Perissodactyla eg horse rhino
Artiodactyla eg sheep
Herbivores

Question 20

What are features of cetaceans?

Answer 20

Flippers
Aquatic
Eg whales dolphins
Echolocation and electroception

Question 21

What are the importances of mammals?

Answer 21

Resource of milk hair skin 
Hunting 
Ecotourism 
Research animals
Pets

Question 22

What are negatives of mammals?

Answer 22

Pests

Disease

Question 23

How many mammals are at risk of extinction?

Answer 23

25%

Question 24

How many mammals have become extinct in last 500 years?

Answer 24

82

Question 25

What is anisogamy?

Answer 25

Male or female (what gametes, how big and how much investment)

Question 26

Why are female gametes more costly than males?

Answer 26

Eggs are bigger with larger energy store and produce less

Question 27

What limits males breeding success?

Answer 27

Number of eggs able to be fertilised

Question 28

What limits female breeding success?

Answer 28

Number of young raised

Question 29

Why should males compete?

Answer 29

Eggs are a limited resource

Question 30

How does gestation and lactation influences mating?

Answer 30

Females are constrained for lengthy development | Males can move on post copulation

Question 31

When diet groups should males stick around in?

Answer 31

Carnivores- prey must be hunted, parental care needed, females solitary

Question 32

What diet groups should males sleep around?

Answer 32

Herbivore- no parental care, female in groups

Question 33

What is monogamy?

Answer 33

1 male | 1 female

Question 34

What is polygamy?

Answer 34

Multiple mating

Question 35

What is polygyny?

Answer 35

1 male with many females

Question 36

What is polyandry?

Answer 36

1 female with many males

Question 37

What is the most common mating system in mammals?

Answer 37

Polygyny

Question 38

What is a lek?

Answer 38

Group of males display to females who come to mate but not for resources

Question 39

What are polygynandrous species?

Answer 39

Both sexes have multiple partners

Question 40

Why would a mammal be solitary?

Answer 40

If can easily defend territory and resources | Too predators on have to hunt for themselves

Question 41

Why would a mammal be semi sociality?

Answer 41

Mammals form temporary groups in certain conditions For warmth For reproduction For protection

Question 42

Why would a mammal be a sociality?

Answer 42

Eat but don’t get eaten | Individual breed independently

Question 43

Why would mammals be communal breeders?

Answer 43

When stable groups occur, cooperation is advantageous eg.dogs hunting Females breed and share offspring care Low reproductive skew

Question 44

Why would mammals be cooperative breeders?

Answer 44

``` If there’s breeding constraints Young or small females may stay in the group but not breed Non breeders may benefit from helping High reproductive skew Often only one female breeds ```

Question 45

Which groups cooperatively breed?

Answer 45

Primates Carnivores Rodents

Question 46

What happens in Eusociality?

Answer 46

In extreme cases non breeding females are sterile | Breeding females and workers show specialisation