Arthropoda Flashcards
How many Arthropoda species are there?
More than a million
What are features of Arthropoda?
Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Coelomates Segmented body Paired jointed appendages Respiratory, excretory, blood, senatorial systems well developed
What shoes exoskeleton consist of in a Arthropoda?
Chitin and proteins
What are advantages of hard exoskeleton?
Independence from environment
Protection
Reduce water loss
More efficient locomotion
What are disadvantages of hard exoskeleton for Arthropoda?
Limit growing
Limit gas exchange
Limit movement
What is the growing process called of Arthropoda?
Moulting
How does gas exchange work in an Arthropoda?
Through skin (small organisms)
Gills (aquatic and crustaceans)
Book lungs (terrestrial, scorpion and spider)
Trachea (terrestrial, insect and millipedes)
What do mechanorecptors detect?
Touch and vibrations
What do chemoreceptors defect?
Smell and taste
What do photoreceptors detect?
Light
How do Arthropoda reproduce ?
Sexually with separate sexes with direct speed transfer
What animal fertilise externally?
Horseshoe crab
What are the adaption of Arthropoda on land?
Excrete nitrogen instead of ammonia
Internal fertilisation
What are features of crustacea (sub phylum)?
Aquatic e.g crab shrimp No waxy cuticle Gas exchange via gills Simple eyes Separate sexes Females carry eggs until they hatch
What are features of myriapoda(sub phylum)?
Terrestrial e.g millipede centipede Waxy cuticle Gas exchange by trachea Simple eyes Separate sexes Antenna
What’s the features of chelicerata (sub phylum)?
Terrestrial e.g scorpion, spider
Gas exchange by lung trachea or gills
Simple eyes but many
4 pairs of matching legs
How many species of chelicerata are there?
100,000 species
What is the most diverse living group?
Arthropoda 75% of all animal species
Why are insects so successful?
Great adaptability small body size Adapted exoskeleton Capable of flight Developed sensorial organ High fecundity
What is the body plan if Hexapoda?
Head: antenna, simple eyes, 1 compound eye
Thorax: 3 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of wings
Abdomen: digestive system, stigmata and trachea, sexual organs
What are the types of mouthparts?
Chewing (herbivore) Piercing sucking (plant/ blood) Sucking (nectar) Sponging sucking (fluid) Cutting sucking (blood) Chewing lapping (nectar)
What are the types of wings?
Membranous wings Tegma Elytra Hemielytra Scales Halter
What are elytra wings?
First pair wings hard and covering the other pair of wings
What are halter wings?
Second pair of wings modified into a stalk with a knob for steering
What are tegma wings?
First pair of wings sclerotised
What are hemielytra?
Half of the wing leathery and the other half membranous
How do insects fly?
Contracting longitudinal muscles then vertical
What are services insects do?
Pollination
Pest Control
Nutrient recycling
What are disservices insects do?
Crop pests
Livestock ectoparasites
Disease vectors
What are features of the order Collembola?
Speingtails
Small
Adult wingless
Soil dwellers
What are features of the order Ephemeroptera?
Mayflies
Adult with membranous wings
Short life adults
What order are dragonflies?
Odonata
What is a common characteristic of all Hexapoda?
3 pairs of legs
Are arthropoda the only group of invertebrates with species capable of flying?
Yes
How many orders of hexapoda are there?
33
