Mammals Flashcards
0
Q
Movement
A
- Climbers: long, flexible toes
- runners: long limbs, hooves
- diggers: short, stocky limbs, thick claws
- flyers: arms and hands modified to support skin flaps
- swimmers: limbs modified to paddles, hands and feet become fins
1
Q
General characteristics
A
- mammary glands
- covered in hair
- breathe air
- have a 4 chambered heart
- endotherms
2
Q
Respiration
A
- chest lifts ribs
- diaphragm pulls ribs down
3
Q
Feeding
A
- first mammals: insectivores
- carnivores: big canines, rigid molars, short intestine
- herbivores: wide flat molars, large incisors, canines reduced, long intestine, rumen with special bacteria
4
Q
Reproduction
A
- internal fertilization
- nourished by moms milk
- oviparous:
- monotremes (egg-laying)
- viviparous (live births)
- marsupials (babies develop in pouch)
- placentals (babies develop inside)
5
Q
Monotremes (one opening)
A
- cloaca
- lay eggs
6
Q
Marsupials
A
- embryo nourished in yolk sac, then climbs into pouch
7
Q
Placental mammals
A
- placenta exchanges nutrients between embryo and mother
- embryo develops inside body
8
Q
Internal circulation
A
- double loop (one links to lungs, the other links to the rest of the body)
- 4 chambered heart
9
Q
Excretion
A
- kidneys eliminates nitrogenous waste and excess water (urine), and retain salt, sugar, and other compounds
- urine stored in bladder
10
Q
Response
A
- cerebrum: thinking, complex behaviour
- cerebellum: movement
- medulla oblongata: basic life functions
11
Q
Characteristics of primates
A
- binocular vision
- well-developed cerebrum
- flexible fingers and toes
- flexible arms
12
Q
Prosimians
A
- Early monkeys
- small, nocturnal primates
13
Q
Anthropoids
A
- human-like primates
- new world monkeys (tree dwellers like spider monkeys from n and s America)
- old world monkeys (from Asia and Africa, like baboons and chimps)
14
Q
Hominids
A
- modern humans
- arose from hominoids
- walk upright
- bipeds
- opposable thumbs
