Kingdom Animalia

Question 0

Eumetozoa

Answer 0

True tissues

Ex. Everything but sponges

Question 1

Define parazoa

Answer 1

No true cells and no symmetry

Ex. Sponges

Question 2

Spherical symmetry:

Answer 2

If divided in half any way it will always have identical halves

Question 3

Radial symmetry

Answer 3

Symmetrical along spokes of an imaginary wheel/on the planes

Ex. Anemone

Question 4

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 4

Divides in half only one way to get 2 equal sides. Has distinct top, bottom, front, back, etc

Ex: humans, worms

Question 5

Asymmetrical

Answer 5

No symmetry

Ex sponge

Question 6

Advantages of bilateral symmetry

Answer 6

• organs located in different body parts
• efficient movements
• higher mobility
• cephalization
• appendages on either side

Question 7

Anterior
Posterior
Dorsal
Ventral

Answer 7

Front
Back
Top
Bottom

Question 8

Ectoderm

Answer 8

Outer layer…skin and sensory systems

Question 9

Endoderm

Answer 9

Inner layer… Digestive and respiratory systems

Question 10

Mesoderm

Answer 10

Middle layer… Muscles bones blood

Question 11

Acoelomates

Answer 11

No body cavity, all 3 layers in contact

Ex flatworms

Question 12

Pseudocolomates

Answer 12

Body cavity between mesoderm and endoderm

Ex nematodes

Question 13

Coelomates

Answer 13

Body cavity develops within mesoderm

Ex us

Question 14

Advantages of a coelum

Answer 14

• faster distribution of materials
• long digestive tract –> better nutrient absorption
• organs arranged in different positions–> better reproduction
• flexible body/better motility

Question 15

2 types of gastrovascular cavities

Answer 15

Dead-end (mouth and anus in one)
Ex. Sponge

Two openings (mouth at one end, anus at the other)
Ex. Worms, us

Question 16

Blastula

Answer 16

Hollow ball of cells that develops after several divisions of zygote

Question 17

Gastrula

Answer 17

Indent of cell layer into blastula, forms gut cavity.

Indent = blastospore

Question 18

Protosomes

Answer 18

Blastospore becomes mouth

Ex worms

Question 19

Deuterostomes

Answer 19

Blastospore becomes anus, then mouth develops

Ex us

Question 20

Segmentation

Answer 20

Body is assembled into segments…starts at mesoderm but may later involve ectoderm and mesoderm

Ex crustaceans and insects
Ex backbones in vertebrates

Question 21

Advantages of segmentation

Answer 21

Damage to each segment is less fatal

Locomotion is easier

Question 22

Classified by…

Answer 22

• tissue type
• symmetry
• body cavity
• embryological development
• segmentation

Question 23

Cephalization

Answer 23

Concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the anterior of the animal

Question 24

Advantages of cephalization

Answer 24

• front comes into contact with new environment first

- front absorbs information and responds

Question 25

Simplest animal is…

Answer 25

Sponge

Question 26

Vertebrate vs. invertebrates

Answer 26

Vertebrates have segmented backbones & muscles