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Mammals Flashcards

1
Q

Skull fenestrae

A

Reduces weight, conserve calcium in the skull and makes room for muscle

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2
Q

Three early amniotes

A

Anapsid, synapsid and diapsid

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3
Q

Skull fenestrae in Anapsid

A

0

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4
Q

Skull fenestrae in Synapsids

A

1

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5
Q

Skull fenestrae in Diapsids

A

2

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6
Q

Three extant lineages

A

Monotremes, Marsupials and Eutherians

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7
Q

Monotremes

A

Egg laying
200 mya

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8
Q

Marsupials

A

Pouched
100 mya

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9
Q

Eutherians

A

Placental
100 mya

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10
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Increase in species from a single stem group

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11
Q

Mammal characteristics

A

Vertebrae, 4 chambered heart, fur, mother produces milk, adaptations for reproduction, locomotion and thermoregulation

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12
Q

Early mammals

A

Therians

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13
Q

Extinction of dinosaurs

A

65 million years ago

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14
Q

Common reproduction

A

Internal fertilisation
- fed by milk production as presence of mammary glands
- dependent on parental care

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15
Q

Monotremes reporuction

A

Eggs fertilised in fallopian tube
Initial mucoid membrane - allows them to expand
Mineralised shell then applied and eggs are laid/incubated

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16
Q

Reproduction monotremes - females

A

Embryo and extra embryonic membranes

17
Q

Reproduction monotremes - males

A

Testes lie in body cavity
But sperm stored in caudal epididymus (closer to the surface)

18
Q

Reproduction marsupials

A

Yolk sac placenta - not fully attached
Eggs fertilised in fallopian tube
Females have two vagina - medial birth canal forms between them
This may or may not re- separate afterwards

19
Q

Reproduction Eutherian

A

Well developed placenta
Longer gestation time - more efficient as precocial birth

20
Q

Placental functions

A

Anchors foetus to uterus
Transports nutrients from MC
Excretes metabolites to MC
Produces hormones to regulate organs in both
Suppress maternal immune response

21
Q

Eutherians vs marsupials

A

E = shorter offspring development means out reproduce for competition, this may be stressful on mother
M = can’t colonise in water

22
Q

Effects of body size on fertility?

A

large body = lower fertility in mammals

23
Q

Effects of timing on birth

A

shortening days - increase reproduction
lengthening days - repress reproduction

24
Q

Social reproductive suppression

A
  • Behavioural
  • stress induced
  • pheromonal

DIVERSITY (4 decks)

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