Mammalian Reproductive System

Question 1

process of procreation or the multiplication of the species

Answer 1

Reproduction

Question 2

union of male and female gametes (zygote/ fertilized egg)

Answer 2

Sexual Reproduction

Question 3

no union of male and female gametes

Answer 3

Asexual Reproduction

Question 4

paired primary male reproductive organs or gonads

Answer 4

Testes/Testicles

Question 5

external covering of the testes

Answer 5

Scrotum

Question 6

testes of mammals are located in _____

Answer 6

a pouch of a skin - scrotum

Question 7

testes of birds are located in _____

Answer 7

within the body cavity

Question 8

functions of testes/testicles:

Answer 8

• production of spermatozoa
• synthesis of testosterone (male sex hormone)

Question 9

structures/parts of testes:

Answer 9

• seminiferous tubules
• rete testes
• vasa efferentia
• interstitial cells or cells of leydig

Question 10

the structural unit of the testes. it is a spherical compartment and site of spermatogenesis

Answer 10

Seminiferous tubules

Question 10

tubular structures of the seminiferous tubules (ST) connected to the vasa efferentia (vas efferent)

Answer 10

Rete testes

Question 11

tubular structures that connect the rete testes to the epididymis

Answer 11

Vasa efferantia

Question 12

secretes the male hormone testosterone

Answer 12

Interstitial cells or cells of Leydig

Question 13

a long convoluted tube which connects the vas efferentia of the testis with the ductus deferens
it also serves as a place for maturation of spermatozoa before ejaculation

Answer 13

Epididymis

Question 14

Epididymis consists of:

Answer 14

• head (attached at the end of the testes)
• body (parallel to the long axis of the testes)
• tail (continues as the ductus deferens and enters the spermatic cord)

Question 15

muscular tube which merges with the epididymis; extends upward to the abdominal cavity and finally empties in the urethra; propel the spermatozoa from the epididymis to ejaculatory duct in the urethra during ejaculation

Answer 15

Ductus Deferens (vas deferens)

Question 16

(enlarged part of the ductus deferens) serve as storage of spermatozoa until the time of ejaculation and also contribute fluid to the semen

Answer 16

Ampullae/Ampulla

Question 17

canal starting from the junction of the ampulla and ends at the opening of the penis, it is serves as the common passage of semen and urine

Answer 17

Urethra

Question 18

structure/parts of Accessory Sex Glands/Organs

Answer 18

• Cowper’s gland (bulbo-urethra glands)
• Semi vesicle (vesicular gland)
• Prostate gland

Question 19

invaginated fold of skin surrounding the free extremity of the penis

Answer 19

Prepuce (shealth)

Question 20

secretion of all accessory male glands plus spermatozoa and the secretion of the testes and tubes. fluid less spermatozoa - seminal plasma (fluid)

Answer 20

Semen

Question 21

connects the testes with the root of the body

Answer 21

Spermatic Cord

Question 22

passage from the abdominal cavity to the exterior that extends from the internal inguinal ring to the external inguinal ring

Answer 22

Inguinal canal

Question 23

failure of the testes to descend

Answer 23

Cryptorchid

Question 24

develop and maintain the male secondary characteristics

Answer 24

Testosterone

Question 25

Male castrates:

Answer 25

Horse: geldings Cattle: steers Swine: barrows Sheep: wether Chicken: capon Man: eunuch

Question 26

(female reproductive system) it is a paired, almond-shaped organ situated near the uterine horn behind the kidney

Answer 26

Ovaries

Question 27

a thin layer of columnar

Answer 27

Germinal

Question 28

it covers each ovary

Answer 28

epithelium

Question 29

(female reproductive system) portion of the uterine tube adjacent to the ovary

Answer 29

Infundibulum

Question 30

Infundibulum has opening called ______ to which the egg enters

Answer 30

Ostium

Question 31

(female reproductive system) a tubular structure that conducts the ova from each ovary to the respective horn of the uterus

Answer 31

Oviduct or Fallopian tube

Question 32

(female reproductive system) a tubular structure extending from the termination of both fallopian tubes to a point where the horns of the uterus and continues to the cervix

Answer 32

Uterus

Question 33

(female reproductive system) neck of the uterus

Answer 33

Cervix

Question 34

(female reproductive system) a tube extending from the cervix down to the vulva

Answer 34

Vagina

Question 34

(female reproductive system) serves as the common passageway for the products of reproduction and urine

Answer 34

Vulva

Question 35

(female reproductive system) the angler or reflection formed by the projection of the cervix into the vagina

Answer 35

Fornix

Question 36

(female reproductive system) a rudimentary organ situated ventrally to the vuvla

Answer 36

Clitoris

Question 37

involves normal testicular and ovarian functions through the interplay of; primary reproductive organ; associated reproductive organ/s; their hormones and mediators

Answer 37

Reproductive Physiology

Question 38

the occurrence of ovarian function in cyclic manner following puberty

Answer 38

The Estrous Cycle

Question 39

general phases of estrous cycle in the cow:

Answer 39

1. Proestrus 2. Estrus 3. Metestrus 4. Diestrus

Question 40

period from conception to birth of the offspring

Answer 40

Pregnancy (Gestation Period)

Question 41

process of giving birth to a young, usually in mammals ( maybe similar to hatching in birds)

Answer 41

Parturition

Question 42

Hormones involved in parturition

Answer 42

1. Cortisol 2. Estrogen 3. Prostaglandin 4. Prolactin 5. Relaxin 6. Oxytocin

Question 43

stages of parturition:

Answer 43

1. Dilation of the cervix 2. Expulsion of the fetus 3. Expulsion of the placenta

Question 44

period during which reproductive organs first become functional

Answer 44

Puberty

Question 45

closely associated with heat or estrus because of absorption into the bloodstream of large amount of estrogen just prior to *****

Answer 45

Ovulation

Question 46

forms the corpus luteum (yellow body)

Answer 46

Luteinizing Hormone (anterior pituitary gland)

Question 47

period of the heat of the female animal

Answer 47

Estrus

Question 48

not bearing litter, normally one offspring per gestation

Answer 48

Monotocous Animals

Question 49

produces two or more offspring per gestation

Answer 49

Polytocous Animals

Question 50

comes in heat all through out the year ex. cattle, swine, carabao

Answer 50

Polyestrous Animals

Question 51

season when the reproductive organs of the female animal is in quiescent state

Answer 51

Anestrous Condition

Question 52

animal comes in heat in a certain season ex. sheep

Answer 52

Seasonally Polyestrous Animals

Question 53

animal comes in heat only once a year

Answer 53

Monoestrous Animals

Question 54

union of sperm and egg cell

Answer 54

Fertilization

Question 55

period from which conception to fertilization until the birth of the young or parturition

Answer 55

Pregnancy

Question 56

extraembryonic membrane (protection and provide nourishment)

Answer 56

Fetal Membrane

Question 57

part fetal and part maternal

Answer 57

Placenta

Question 58

a condition when orifice the prepuce is too narrow to permit retraction over glans penis

Answer 58

Phimosis

Question 59

double layered sac filled with a clear watery fluid in which the embryo is suspended

Answer 59

Amnion

Question 60

outpouching of the hindgut of the digestive tract which acts as urinary and solid waste receptacle of the embryo

Answer 60

Allantois

Question 61

outer membrane surrounding the embryo

Answer 61

Chorion

Question 62

3 types of placenta:

Answer 62

1. Diffuse type 2. Cotyledonary type 3. Deciduate type

Question 63

general signs of heat or estrus in female domestic mammals:

Answer 63

1. Mounting behavior 2. Inflamed vulva 3. Mating sounds/calls 4. Discharges - frequent urination of the vagina 5. Acceptance of the sire/male of mating and successful coitus/copulation